土壤水分条件对冬小麦生长发育及产量构成的影响  

Effect of soil moisture on growth and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：李钰春[1] 袁淑杰[1] 郭晓梅[1] 刘晶淼[2] 梁宏[3] 白月明[4] 安顺清[4] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程学院大气科学学院,四川成都610225 [2]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [3]中国气象局大气探测中心,北京100081 [4]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2014年第5期90-97,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31071322);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106026)共同资助

摘　　要：通过2011—2013年中国气象局固城生态环境与农业气象试验站冬小麦种植试验,利用冬小麦不同生育期土壤湿度、根长密度、株高、绿叶面积和产量等资料,分析不同土壤水分条件对河北固城冬小麦生长发育和产量构成的影响。结果表明:2011—2012年固城站冬小麦0—50 cm土壤相对湿度>50%为冬小麦适宜土壤湿度。2012—2013年固城站冬小麦各生育期0—80 cm土壤相对湿度<55%时,尽管80—120 cm土壤相对湿度为55%—80%,但冬小麦根系和产量构成要素均较小。冬小麦各生育期0—80 cm土壤相对湿度为55%—70%时,冬小麦根系总量最多,则冬小麦生长发育最好,产量构成要素均较好,总产量最高。冬小麦各生育期0—120 cm土壤相对湿度<55%时,冬小麦根系总量最小,且根系集中分布的深度也较浅,总产量最小。冬小麦各生育期0—120 cm土壤相对湿度>80%时,冬小麦根系总量较多,但总产量比0—80 cm土壤相对湿度为55%—70%时低。Based on soil moisture at different growth stages,root density,plant height,leaf area and yield data from field experiments at Gucheng agro-meteorological field experimental station of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences during 20 1 1 to 20 1 3 for winter wheat,effects of different soil moisture on growth and yield were ana-lyzed.The results indicate that soil relative humidity greater than 50%in 0-50 cm soil layer is favorable for winter wheat during 201 1 to 2012 at Gucheng station.Root system of winter wheat is not dense and yield of winter wheat are not high when soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer is less than 50%during 2012 to 2013,even soil moisture in 80-120 cm soil layer is between 55%-88%.Root system is the densest when soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer reaches 55%to 70%,which results in better growth of winter wheat and a good yield.Root system of winter wheat is in the worst condition when relative humidity in 0-120 cm soil layer is less than 55%while it is in the best con-dition when relative humidity in 0-120 cm soil layer is greater than 80%.Thus,yield of the former is the lowest, but the yield of latter is not highest.The yield under a condition that the soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer ranges 55% to 70% is better instead.

关 键 词：冬小麦 土壤湿度 生育期 产量 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]