苜蓿和小麦长期连作对土壤酶活性及养分的影响  

Effects of continuous cropping of wheat and alfalfa on soil enzyme activities and nutrients

作　　者：张丽琼[1,2] 郝明德[1,3] 臧逸飞[1] 李丽霞 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]安康学院农学与生命科学学院,陕西安康725000 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]山东省农业环境保护和农村能源总站,济南250100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第11期3191-3196,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD31B01);宁夏农业综合开发科技推广项目(NTKJ-2014-01)资助

摘　　要：在长武长期轮作与施肥定位试验的基础上,对黄土高原沟壑区苜蓿和小麦连作27年后的黄盖黏黑垆土土壤酶活性及土壤养分进行了测定,探讨苜蓿和小麦长期连作对土壤酶活性及肥力的影响.结果表明:苜蓿和小麦连作施肥都能提高土壤酶活性;同一作物不同施肥措施的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性差异不显著,但相同施肥条件下,苜蓿连作比小麦连作的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性高;不同作物种类及施肥措施的土壤过氧化氢酶活性差异不明显;氮磷肥和有机肥配施(NPM)的土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性较高,而蔗糖酶活性较低;苜蓿连作比小麦连作更有利于土壤有机质、全氮及速效氮的积累,氮磷肥和有机肥配施有利于培肥土壤.Based on a long-term rotation and fertilization experiment in Changwu, Shaanxi, China, we determined the enzymatic activities and nutrients in soils after 27 years continuous cropping of alfalfa and wheat, respectively. The activities of invertase, urease and phosphatase were not affected by fertilization treatment within each cropping system, but they were significantly higher in the alfalfa continuous cropping system than in the wheat continuous cropping system under each fertilization treatment. The activity of hydrogen peroxidase was not affected by the type of cropping system or fertilization treatment. Across the cropping systems, the activities of soil urease, phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase were higher while soil invertase activity was lower in N, P and manure （NPM） combined treatment compared with the other fertilization treatments. The accumulations of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen were greater in the alfalfa cropping system than in the wheat continuous cropping system, and the NPM treatment could improve the soil fertility.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 小麦连作 苜蓿连作 土壤酶活性 化学性状 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]