近地表地震散射波分离方法  

A near-surface seismic scattered wave separation method

作　　者：徐基祥[1] McLean B F 宋雪娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]北京勘源科技有限公司

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2014年第6期705-711,共7页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05003-003);国家重大产业技术开发专项(发改办高技[2005]2372号);中国石油勘探开发研究院院级项目(2011Y-006)

摘　　要：针对常规去噪处理无法压制近地表散射波的问题,通过分析近地表地震散射波特征,利用地震干涉测量理论,实现近地表地震散射波分离。山地地震资料信噪比普遍较低,有效波能量弱,近地表散射波能量强,地震数据处理中必须分离近地表散射波,提高地震资料信噪比。相邻炮集上的近地表地震散射波同相轴相互平行,根据近地表散射波运动学规律,通过地震干涉测量,消除地震波传播过程中相同路径的影响,近地表散射波得到相干加强,进而从原始地震记录中将其分离。以中国西部山地地震资料为例,通过直达波场与全波场地震干涉测量,加强散射波能量,进行散射波分离,处理后的地震资料基本消除了近地表散射波,验证了近地表地震散射波分离方法的有效性和可行性。Considering that near-surface scattered waves could not be suppressed by conventional denoise method, this paper analyzes the characteristics of scattered waves and achieves the near-surface scattered wave separation by the seismic interferometry theory. Seismic data in mountain area is generally characterized by low signal to noise ratio, weak effective wave energy and strong near-surface scattered wave energy, so the near-surface seismic scattered waves must be firstly separated to improve the signal to noise ratio of seismic data during seismic data processing. The events of the near-surface seismic scattered wave in the adjacent common shot gathers are parallel. According to the near-surface scattered wave kinematics, the seismic interferometry method is used to eliminate the influence of seismic wave propagation in the same path, coherently enhance near-surface scattered waves, and then separate them from original seismic records. Taking the seismic data in mountain area in west China as an example, the energy of near-surface scattered wave is enhanced by direct wave field and full wave field seismic interferometry to separate the waves. As a result, the seismic data after processing generally eliminates near-surface scattered waves, verifying the validity and feasibility of the near-surface seismic scattered wave separation method.

关 键 词：山地地震勘探 近地表 地震散射波 散射波分离 地震干涉测量 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]