基于不同盐度目标的博斯腾湖需水量研究  

Water demand of the Bosten Lake based on different salinity goals

作　　者：董雯[1] 崔保山[1] 海米提.依米提 麦麦提吐尔逊.艾则孜 达伟 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [3]新疆巴音郭楞水文水资源勘测局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第5期901-907,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51125035);国家自然科学基金项目(U1138302)

摘　　要：新疆最大的淡水湖—博斯腾湖,位于巴音郭楞蒙古自治州博斯腾湖县境内,由于人类水土开发活动和气候因素的综合影响,湖泊水质由淡水逐渐变成了微咸水,生态环境受到了破坏。以博斯腾湖矿化度作为湖水水质变化的一个重要指标参数,运用Mann-kendall趋势检验法和小波分析法,探讨了不同盐度目标设计情景下,湖泊自然状况的需水量,为流域的人类活动提供科学的指导。结果表明:理论上在多年平均情况下,两种情景下湖区的需水量分别是12.62×108m3和14.28×108m3,对应的绝对水位分别是7.25 m和7.70 m。近年来,尽管博斯腾湖年均脱盐量达30.6×104t·a-1,但是矿化度依然较高,而增加入湖淡水量、减少盐量入湖仍然是改善湖泊水质的一个有效途径。Bosten Lake is the largest lake in Xinjiang at China, which lies of the southeast of Yanqi Basin （86° 20′ E to 87° 26′ E,41° 44′ N to 42° 14′ N） and has the arid desert climate. Kaidu River is the longest river which flows into Bosten Lake, and its average annual runoff is 35.06 ×108 m3/a in the upper reaches from 1958 to 2012, accounting for over 80% of the total recharge of Bosten Lake. Therefore the water quantity and water quality of Bosten Lake is chiefly controlled by the runoff of Kaidu River, and also affected by the amount of water diverted from Kaidu River Irrigation Area. As the biggest freshwater lake in the inland China, the water resources is very important for the irrigation agriculture and the ecological environment. However, it has become a slight salt lake currently due to the impacts of human activities and climate change since the 1950s, and ecology and environment have degenerat- ed. In this paper, they were analyzed on the materials of lake inflowing, temperature, precipitation and runoff in the Dashankou by using the Mann-Kendall trend test method and wavelet analysis method. Results showed that change of precipitation, temperature and runoff in the upper reaches of the Kaiduhe River （Dashankou station） increased significantly （passed P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）, while the inflowing runoff of the lake in- creased a little with an not significant trend. For the salt influx of the lake, the salt mainly came from the Kaidu River and the farming drainages; For the salt efflux, the annual salt amounts depended on the discharges and the salinities of the outflows water, which were partly controlled by humanactives through the irrigation works such as the water canals, the pump station at the lake etc. In theory, from the average case for many years, lakes water demand under the design scenariolanddesign scenario 2 on salinity goals were 12.62 × l0^8 m^3 and 14.28 × 10^8 m^3, respectively, cor- responding to the absolute water level 7.25 m and 7

关 键 词：盐度目标 需水量 矿化度 博斯腾湖 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] X143[天文地球—地球物理学]