祁连山北坡森林资源变迁  

Changes of forest resources in north slope of Qilian Mountains

作　　者：汪有奎 杨全生 郭生祥 李进军 王零 袁虹 

机构地区：[1]甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃张掖734000 [2]甘肃省林业工作站管理局,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第5期966-979,共14页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑项目"祁连山北坡环境演变与治理研究"(0804NKCG111)

摘　　要：祁连山森林是祁连山水源涵养生态系统的主体,了解祁连山森林资源变化,对于制定森林保护政策法规,有效保护和合理利用祁连山森林资源具有重要意义。2010-2013年,应用"3S"技术和搜集以往调查研究资料,对比分析了祁连山北坡森林分布范围及面积变化,结果表明:地质时期,随着祁连山快速隆升,气候变得寒冷干旱,森林分布范围逐渐缩小;早全新世以后,祁连山区森林退缩至酒泉以东山区。历史时期,祁连山北坡森林遭到4次较大规模人为破环,森林面积日渐建少。新中国建立以来至20世纪80年代末,祁连山北坡林区经过3次较大的毁林开荒行动,森林再次遭到严重破坏。改革开放以来,特别是20世纪90年代以来,国家和甘肃省加大了祁连山森林保护,祁连山北坡森林得到逐步恢复与扩展。目前,人为活动对祁连山北坡森林的干扰影响仍然严重,森林质量呈退化趋势。针对存在的问题,提出了森林保护与恢复对策。The forest is the main part of water conservation ecosystem in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China, which plays a huge ecological service function. Changes of forest resources have significant impact on the structure and function of the forest ecosystem. Currently, quantitative methods are mainly used to study the changes of forest resources. It is vital to investigate the changes of forest resources for developing the forest protection policies and regulations, protecting effectively and using reasonably forest resources in Qilian Mountains. From 2010 to 2013, the changes of forest distribution and area in north slope of Qilian Mountains were comprehensively analyzed by apply- ing 3S technology and collecting the previous research data. The results showed that, during the geological period from Silurian （440 Ma） to Holocene （0.01 Ma）, along with the rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the landform in Qilian Mountains experienced a dramatic change from ocean to mountains, then higher mountain, and the forest gradually appeared and developed to the whole mountain system but degenerated to the east area to Jiuquan City lat- er. From the late Neolithic Age to the late Warring States Period （2 986-221 BC）, the area of forest was approximate 600 × 10^4 hm^2. In 1958, the retained area of woodland and shrubland was 12.4 ×10^4 hm^2 and 20.3 × 10^4 hm^2 respec- tively. In 1980, the area of woodland decreased by 4.8% compared with it in 1958. In 2000, the area of woodland and shrubland increased 6.0 × 10^4 hm^2 and 12.1 × 10^4 hm^2 respectively compared with it in 1980. In 2013, the area of woodland and shrubland increased 9 733.4 hm^2 and 36. 4 × 10^4 hm^2 compared with it in 2000. During the histori- cal period from Han Dynasty to the early stage of New China, forest in north slope of Qilian Mountains suffered se- vere damage after four large-scale deforestation. From 1960s to late 1980s, the area of forest was decreasing con- stantly owing to 3 massive reclamation and deforestation. Since the 1

关 键 词：森林 分布 面积 变化 祁连山北坡 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]