灌溉管理改革背景下农户生计脆弱性评估  

Assessment on households' livelihood vulnerability under irrigation management reform

作　　者：赵立娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经大学金融学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第5期1055-1064,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：2011年国家社科基金项目"灌溉管理改革对农户生计影响研究"(11CJY060);2012年度"内蒙古自治区高校青年科技英才支持计划"(批准号:NJYT-12-B20)

摘　　要：灌溉管理改革有助于提高水资源管理效率,完善灌溉管理体制,降低农户生计脆弱性。以内蒙古地区为例,基于可持续生计分析框架,构建农户生计脆弱性定量评估指标体系。利用内蒙古5个旗县区的353户农户样本数据,对灌溉管理改革地区和非改革地区农户的生计脆弱性进行了评估。结果表明:改革地区的脆弱性程度为-2.19,非改革地区的脆弱性程度为-1.76,两类地区农户的适应能力都比较高,脆弱性较低,但非改革地区的脆弱性要大于改革地区,灌溉管理改革对降低农户生计脆弱性具有重要意义。原因在于灌溉管理改革改善了农户所处的脆弱性环境,提高了生计资本水平,增强了农户的适应能力。为提升农户福利水平,降低其生计脆弱性,在以后的工作中需要加强农户可持续生计能力建设;需要政府的正确引导和大力扶持,为灌溉管理改革的发展提供优惠政策和资金支持;同时还要强化农户抵抗自然灾害风险能力建设,从长期预防和短期应急两个方面来强化农户抵抗风险的能力,多渠道降低农户的生计脆弱性。Irrigation management reform is useful to improve the management efficiency of water resource and irri- gation management system; it is also able to reduce the households＇ livelihood vulnerability. Learn from Sharp＇ s quantitative research on livelihood assets in Africa and Yu Gull＇ s livelihood vulnerability assessment on the farmers and herdsmen, reference to IPCC＇ s center interpretation on vulnerability, namely, Vulnerability=Risk-Adaptation, risk is measured by the degree of damage , adaptation is measured by the farmers＇ levels of existing capital and adap- tation strategies, in order to eliminate overlap and duplication between the indicators and targets set by the phenome- non of subjective and arbitrary, we use expert evaluation method to determine the weight of each index. Taking Inner Mongolia for example, the paper makes a quantitative assessment of livelihood vulnerability between farmers in irri- gation management reform area and non-farmers. Based on 353 peasant households＇ survey data of 5 counties in In- ner Mongolia, the paper evaluates the livelihood vulnerability of form areas. The study found that the household＇ s extent of the households from irrigation reform areas and non-re- damage is 1.05 in irrigation and 1.33 in non-reform areas, the household＇ s livelihood capital value is 1.71 in irrigation and 1.64 in non-reform areas, the household＇ s adaptation strategies measurement is 1.53 in irrigation and 1.45 in non-reform areas. We can calculate the vulnera- bility value from the above results, the households＇ vulnerability is-2.19 in irrigation and-1.76 in non-reform ar- eas, the households both have higher adaptive capacity in two regions, but households＇ vulnerability in non-reform regions is greater than in the reform regions. The irrigation management reform is bility of households ＇ livelihood. The reason is that the reform has improved the significant to reduce the vulnera- fragility of the environment, en- hanced the level of livelihood capital and households�

关 键 词：内蒙古 灌溉管理 生计 脆弱性 适应策略 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济]