三维几何形态学概述及其在昆虫学中的应用  

A review of three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics and its application in entomology

作　　者：白明[1] 杨星科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所中国科学院动物进化与系统学院重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2014年第9期1105-1111,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)项目(2011CB302102);国家自然科学基金项目(31010103913,31172143,60873182);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-G-4);德国洪堡基金会~~

摘　　要：长期以来二维(two-dimensional,2D)数据是几何形态学(geometric morphometrics)分析的最主要的数据类型,在推动几何形态学的发展过程中起到了奠基性的作用,并也解决了很多重大的科学问题,展示了几何形态学强大的科学计算能力与问题解决能力。但有些特殊的科学问题或者特殊的形态结构,无法通过二维数据完美解决,亟需大规模、大尺度三维(three-dimensional,3D)数据的支持,这对几何形态学的三维化发展提出需求。更重要的是,随着三维数据获取成本的日渐降低,大量三维数据涌现出来。因此,三维几何形态学应运而生。本文对三维几何形态学的原理及其应用进行了概述,重点探讨了三维几何形态学与二维几何形态学的异同点,并对前者的两个发展阶段(少量样本的形态模拟与准定量比较及大量样本的定量比较)进行了概述,评价了四维数据和有限元等方法的应用,指出了该方法在昆虫学领域的发展潜力,最后对该方法在样本量增加、硬件提升、数据分辨率提高、新算法的开发、分析结果的呈现及3D打印等方面的发展趋势进行了展望。Two-dimensional（ 2D） data is the major data type in geometric morphometrics for a long time.2D data played an important role in the origin and rising of geometric morphometrics. Numerous significant scientific problems have been solved based on 2D data. The super capability of geometric morphometrics in scientific computing and problem solving based on 2D data has been perfectly demonstrated. However, there are still some special scientific problems or specific morphological characters which can not be easily or perfectly investigated via 2D data. Three-dimensional（ 3D） data on a large scale and in great amount could be a better option for these issues. The needs for 3D geometric morphometrics become more and more urgent. Furthermore,3D data collecting becomes easier and cheaper and a large quantity of 3D data emerge. Here in this article the principles and application of 3D geometric morphometrics were reviewed. The similarities and differences between 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics are listed. The two development stages of 3D geometric morphometrics, i. e., the morphological simulation and quasi-quantitative comparison of a small-size sample,and quantitative comparison of a large number of samples,are reviewed. The application of four-dimensional data and finite element analysis is evaluated. The development potential of 3D geometric morphometrics in the field of entomology is pointed out. The future directions of 3D geometric morphometrics,such as increasing of sample size, hardware upgrade, increasing of data resolution, development of new algorithms,presentation of results,3D printing,etc.,are proposed.

关 键 词：几何形态学 二维数据 三维数据 功能形态学 3D打印 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]