杂色山雀繁殖期与非繁殖期食物组成及利用  

The Food Composition and Utilization of Varied Tit,Parus varius in Breeding and Non-breeding Season

作　　者：蔡玥[1] 李东来[1] 李其久[1] 万冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院辽宁省动物资源与疾病防治重点实验室,沈阳110036

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第6期811-819,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31071927;31301888)

摘　　要：食物是动物能量和营养的来源,而可利用的食物资源是赖以生存的基础。研究鸟类不同时期的食物选择和利用对于了解该物种取食行为的可塑性和生态适应性将具有重要意义。本文于2012年4月至2013年10月,通过取食行为观察、育雏分析和投食实验来研究杂色山雀（Parus varius）繁殖期与非繁殖的食物组成及利用的差别。整个研究中观察距离一般在0.5~5.0 m之间,同时辅助于一些食物残骸进行鉴定,动物性食物鉴定到目。研究结果表明,杂色山雀繁殖期与非繁殖期取食的食物存在显著差别。（1）繁殖期完全取食动物性食物,成鸟取食和育雏的食物存在较大的区别,成鸟取食的食物主要为鳞翅目（42.31%）、蜘蛛目（27.56%）、鞘翅目、双翅目以及少量的直翅目、半翅目和膜翅目动物;育雏的食物主要为鳞翅目幼虫（67.86%）,其次为蜘蛛（11.83%）、鳞翅目成虫、膜翅目幼虫、鞘翅目幼虫和少量直翅目昆虫;（2）非繁殖期自然状态下主要取食植物性食物,兼食少量昆虫,杂色山雀对于浆果（22.12%）的利用率要高于植物种子（21.17%）;（3）非繁殖期对于人为提供的16种潜在食物资源的取食选择也证明杂色山雀对浆果类食物具有较明显的偏爱。杂色山雀不同时期的食物组成存在一定的差异性,而这种食性的可塑性很大程度取决于食物供给和能量需求的季节性变化。Food is the resource of energy and nutrient for all animals and it affects animal survivals in the nature. Food selection and utilization of birds in breeding and non-breeding period is very importance in understanding their plasticity and ecological adaptability in their feeding behavior In this study,we observed the food consume of Varied Tit（ Parus varius） to investigate whether there is any difference in their food composition and preference in breeding and non-breeding season from April 2012 to October 2013. We observed the food items of the birds taken directly in the site at 0. 5- 5. 0 m in distance and recorded the checking diet by video recording inside the nests in breeding season. In addition,we also checked the droppings of food toidentify food items both in site and in nest boxes. Each insect taken by the birds was identified to Order,at least. A significant difference in food items between breeding and non-breeding season was detected（ P 〈0. 001）. Varied Tit ate arthropods only in the breeding season,however,the food items taken by adults and checks were significantly difference（ P 〈 0. 001）. Adults mainly ate Lepidoptera（ 42. 31%）, spiders（ 27. 56%） and Coleoptera（ Table 1）,and they also consumed a small amount of Orthoptera,Hemiptera and Hymenoptera; while chicks ate Lepidoptera larvae（ 67. 86%）,followed by spiders（ 11. 83%）,Lepidoptera imago,Hymenoptera larvae,Coleoptera larvae,and a small amounts of Orthoptera（ Table 2）. In non-breeding season the birds naturally fed on a wealth of vegetation including 22. 12% of berries,21. 17% plant seed and a small amount of arthropods（ Table 1）. Varied Tit also selected a high proportion of berries when 16 kinds of potential food including berries and plant seeds were provided in non-breeding season at the site（ Table 3）.The results of this study may indicate that the diet plasticity of the Varied Tit between breeding and nonbreeding season was due to the seasonal changes in the food availability and energy con

关 键 词：杂色山雀 食物利用 繁殖期 非繁殖期 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]