医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰处理研究进展  

Research progress in treatment of hospital solid waste incinerator( HSWI) fly ash

作　　者：魏国侠[1] 刘汉桥[2] 徐仙[2] 王承智[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学理学院,天津300384 [2]天津城建大学能源与安全工程学院,天津300384 [3]Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center

出　　处：《现代化工》2014年第11期46-50,共5页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51378332);住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2014-K4-014);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2013M530872)

摘　　要：介绍了水泥固化、熔融、氯化焙烧及分步浮选等几种飞灰处理技术,着重分析了各项技术应用于医疗飞灰的可行性及局限性。水泥固化法因飞灰中高含量的活性炭和氯盐会阻碍水泥的水化作用,使水泥掺量过高,该方法不适合;熔融处理因飞灰量小、高氯、高碳会引起耐火材料的侵蚀及石墨电极的烧损等不利影响,不适合采用电弧炉熔融处理。医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰适宜采用残余炭式熔融炉;鉴于医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯含量较高,直接焙烧处理是分离重金属的有效方法;分步浮选法是针对飞灰中碳组分含量高且二英在碳组分中富集的特性,通过两步浮选分离医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中二英和重金属等毒害物,同时可脱氯。The treatment technologies of hospital solid waste incinerator （HSWI） fly ash such as cement solidification,melting, chlorination roasting and two-step flotation were introduced. The application limitations and the feasibility of these technologies in HSWI fly ash were focused on. Cement solidification was not suitable for the treatment of HSWI fly ash because that high chlorine and high carbon in HSWI fly ash would hinder the hydration of the cement and bring the increasing of cement consuming. Melting by electronic arc furnace was not suitable for the treatment of HSWI fly ash because high chlorine and high carbon will cause adverse effects of erosion of graphite electrode and refractory material loss. Melting furnace using carbon combustion heat could be recommended for HSWI fly ash. Given the high chlorine content in HSWI fly ash, direct roasting treatment was an effective method for separation of heavy metals. Based on high content of PCDD/Fs and carbon in HSWI fly ash, lipophilic and hydrophobic nature of PCDD/Fs and characteristic of PCDD/Fs enrichment in carbon, a two-step flotation way of HSWI fly ash was developed. The flotation process could simultaneously deal with two toxic matter both PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in HSW incinerator fly ash. At the same time, chloride would be washed out, which made it be a promising solution.

关 键 词：医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰 水泥固化 熔融 焙烧 浮选 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]