青藏铁路红梁河段沙害成因及防治模式  

Causes and Controlling Mode of Sand Hazards in Honglianghe Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

作　　者：谢胜波[1] 屈建军[1] 庞营军[1] 周志伟[1] 徐湘田[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠研究站/甘肃省风沙灾害防治工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]内蒙古大学交通学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《铁道学报》2014年第11期99-105,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401611);中国博士后科学基金(2014M560817);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才基金(51Y351121);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC08B07,2013BAC07B02)

摘　　要：青藏铁路红梁河路段沙害严重,目前致灾机理尚不明确,防沙措施效果有限。为系统认识青藏铁路的沙害规律,通过野外观测和室内分析、计算等方法,对红梁河路段的沙物质来源、风沙动力环境、防沙措施进行研究。发现红梁河路段沙物质主要来自铁路西侧沙山,颗粒组成以细沙为主；年起沙风以 W 和 NNE 两组风向为主,分别占全年总量的18.43%和17.21%,实际造成沙害的为 W 风；年输沙势为315.50 VU,年合成输沙势为204.97 VU,年方向变率指数为0.65,合成输沙方向为102.41°；在大风干燥季节（主要为1-3月）,风吹扬沙物质自西向东搬运,遇到近似南北走向的铁路路基阻挡产生堆积而致灾。本文提出以阻（沙）、固（沙）为主,远阻近固（外阻内固）,输导为辅的防沙模式,对类似地区防沙有借鉴意义。Sand hazards in the Honglianghe Section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are serious,and the effect of current controlling measures is limited due to the fact that the causes remains unclear.In order to further un-derstand systematically the laws of sand hazards along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,the source of sandy materi-als,sand blowing environment and sand storm protection measures were studied for the Honglianghe Section through field observation and indoor analysis.The results were discovered as follows：Sandy materials are mainly blown from the sandy hill west of the railway line and composed of fine sand grains;yearly sand-moving winds are dominated by two groups of wind directions of W and NNE,accounted for 18.43% and 17.21% re-spectively,and it is the W wind which actually causes sand hazards;the yearly drift potential is 315.50 VU,the resultant drift potential is 204.97 VU and the yearly direction variability rate is 0.65 with the resultant drift di-rection being 102.41°;in the windy dry season （mainly for 1 - 3 months）,sandy materials were blown and moved from west to east and were accumulated to cause disasters when coming to the barriered of the north to south railway subgrade.This paper put forward the sand control mode,i.e.,relying mainly on sand blocking and fixing while making sand transport and diversion supplementary and adhereing to the principle of far and outer sand blocking and near and inner sand fixing.The mode has reference significance to control of sand haz-ards in other similar zones.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 沙害 成因 防治 

分 类 号：U216[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]