曼氏血吸虫病中间宿主藁杆双脐螺在中国大陆的发现与扩散  

Discovery and spread of Biomphalaria straminea of schistosomiasis mansoni intermediate host in mainland of China

作　　者：黄少玉[1] 邓卓晖[1] 陈佩玑[1] 高世同[2] 李晓恒[2] 张仪[3] 谢旭[2] 朱蓉[3] 吕山[3] 郭云海[3] 阮彩文[1] 张启明[1] 余晴[3] 潘世定 容寿铭[1] 卢文成[1] 刘梦然[1] 曾炘 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州511430 [2]深圳市疾病预防控制中心 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所 [4]中山大学中山医学院

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2014年第6期521-525,共5页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过调查确认藁杆双脐螺在中国大陆的输入和孳生情况,并了解其分布及扩散情况,为防控曼氏血吸虫病的传播提供科学依据。方法根据报告线索及藁杆双脐螺孳生环境特征,按水系和地理位置,于1981—1982年和2012—2013年,采用现场调查法对双脐螺的孳生分布、环境植被、水质等进行调查分析。结果 1981年确认在深圳市罗湖某鱼塘采集的螺蛳为藁杆双脐螺,为中国大陆首次报告。1981—1982年在深圳市调查10个公社（镇区、街道）,于深圳市罗湖与香港新界交界的交界河罗湖桥至与深圳河交接处的河段约1000m、交界河与深圳河交接处至人民公园的深圳河段约1000m、与该河段相通的3条水沟长约300m、周边6口鱼塘和1口污水塘约4030m^2等环境发现有藁杆双脐螺孳生;深圳市其他9个公社（镇区、街道）及另外11个县区均未发现有该螺孳生。对有螺环境特征及水质相关指标进行分析显示,中性偏碱水质适合该螺孳生,活螺数多的螺点水中氯化物含量为9.0～94.0mg/L,总硬度为44.8～142.8mg/L,氨氮含量为0.02～1.50mg/L;有螺环境类型为水塘、水沟、河3种,腐殖质较丰富,活螺主要沿水边分布,喜附着于水中漂浮物上,以下段及出水口水流缓慢处较多。2012—2013年的调查发现,在深圳市的盐田河、葵涌河和大沙河等7条河道及东莞市的石马河和惠阳区的淡水河均有活的藁杆双脐螺孳生。结论 1981年在中国大陆首次确认在深圳市有藁杆双脐螺孳生,范围局限;双脐螺沿水系向周边地区扩散蔓延,目前已扩散到深圳市毗邻的东莞和惠州市的部分河道。Objective To survey and confirm the invasion,breeding,and distribution of Biomphalaria straminea in mainland of China so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the spread of schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods According to report clues,Biomphalaria straminea habitat characteristics,water system,and geographical position,breeding and distribution of Biomphalaria straminea,vegetation,and water quality were surveyed and analyze by the method of field investigation from1981 to 1982 and 2012 to 2013. Results Snails collected in a fish pond in Luohu,Shenzhen City were confirmed as the Biomphalaria straminea in 1981,as the first report in mainland of China. From 1981 to1982,about 4 030m^2 of Biomphalaria straminea breeding places were found in six fish ponds and one sewage pond,300m long in three ditches interlinked with Shenzhen river,1 000m away from the junction of Shenzhen Luohu and the New Territories of Hong Kong to Shenzhen river,and 1 000m away from the junction to Shenzhen People＇s Park,but not found in the other 9 communes（ towns,streets） and 11 counties of Shenzhen. Analysis of the water quality showed neutral and alkaline water was suitable for the breeding of Biomphalaria straminea. Chloride content was 9. 0- 94. 0mg / L,total hardness was 44. 8- 142. 8 mg / L,and ammonia nitrogen was 0. 02- 1. 50mg / L in the water with more alive Biomphalarias. Most of them lived in the pond,ditch,and river with rich humus,along the waterside,attached to the floating object,and were mainly found in lower river section and at the outlet with slow water flow. In 2012 and 2013,alive biomphalaria straminea were found at 9 rivers,including rivers of Yantian,Kuicong,and Dasha in Shenzhen,Shima River in Dongguan,and Danshui River in Huiyang,etc. Conclusion Biomphalaria straminea breeding was first confirmed in Shenzhen,China in 1981 with limited area; as spreading along the rivers of surrounding areas,it has now spread to part rivers in cities of Dongguan and Huizhou adjacent to Shenzhen.

关 键 词：血吸虫 曼森 双脐螺 

分 类 号：R183.5[医药卫生—流行病学] R383.24[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]