城市地铁电子雷管爆破降振技术试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DECREASING BLASTING VIBRATION TECHNOLOGY WITH DIGITAL DETONATOR IN URBAN SUBWAY

作　　者：杨仁树[1,2] 车玉龙[1] 孙强[1] 高祥涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2014年第A02期3741-3749,共9页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51134025,51374212）

摘　　要：针对城市地铁隧道近距离下穿建筑物时存在的问题,以青岛地铁为工程背景,采用不同掏槽形式进行电子雷管试验,并进行爆破振动监测。试验结果表明：电子雷管延时精确,通过合理设置雷管延期时间,采用电子雷管爆破可实现逐孔微差起爆及干扰降振,有效地控制了爆破振速。对比不同掏槽形式可知,大空孔直眼菱形掏槽能够利用空孔作为自由面提供补偿空间,减少岩石的夹制作用,有助于降低爆破振速。电子雷管试验表明：采用大空孔直眼菱形掏槽方式时,掏槽眼时间间隔应大于30 ms,辅助眼时间间隔应大于8 ms,周边眼时间间隔应大于4 ms;采用楔形掏槽方式时,掏槽眼时间间隔应大于3 ms,辅助眼和周边眼时间间隔选择8 ms即可,但底板眼时间间隔应大于4 ms。对比测点3个方向的振动速度可知,z向振速最大,对爆破震动波起着控制作用。According to the problems of urban subway under-passing building closely,taking the Qingdao subway as engineering background,the electronic detonator tests with different forms of cut hole are carried out and the blasting vibration is monitored. The monitored results show that the delay time of electronic detonator is accurate,and the blasting vibration velocity can be controlled effectively by blasting hole by hole and disturbing the damping which is achieved by setting up the reasonable delay time of electronic detonator. Comparing the different forms of cut hole,when the parallel rhombus cut of empty hole is adopted,the empty hole as free surface could provide compensation space to reduce the clamping force and reduce the blasting vibration velocity. The test results prove that with the parallel rhombus cut of empty hole blasting,the time interval of cut holes should be greater than 30 ms,the time interval of satellite holes should be greater than 8 ms,and the time interval of periphery holes should be greater than 4 ms. With the wedge cut hole blasting,the time interval of cut holes should be greater than 3 ms,the satellite holes and periphery holes could be 8 ms,and the time interval of bottom holes should be greater than 4 ms. The comparison of particle vibration velocity in the three coordinate directions show that the vibration velocity in z direction is the biggest and it plays a dominating role in the vibration wave.

关 键 词：隧道工程 城市地铁 爆破振动 电子雷管 掏槽方式 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]