2012年中国CHINET血培养临床分离菌的分布及耐药性  被引量:151

The distribution and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from blood culture in 2012 CHINET surveillance program in China

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作  者:李光辉[1] 朱德妹[1] 汪复[1] 胡志东[2] 李全[2] 孙自镛[3] 陈中举[3] 徐英春[4] 张小江[4] 王传清[5] 王爱敏[5] 倪语星[6] 孙景勇[6] 褚云卓[7] 俞云松[8] 林洁[8] 徐元宏[9] 沈继录[9] 苏丹虹[10] 卓超[10] 魏莲花[11] 吴玲[11] 张朝霞[12] 季萍[12] 张泓[13] 孔菁[13] 胡云建[14] 艾效曼[14] 单斌[15] 杜艳[15] 

机构地区:[1]复旦大学华山医院抗生素研究所,卫生部抗生素临床药理重点实验室,上海200040 [2]天津医科大学总医院 [3]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 [4]中国医学科学院北京协和医院 [5]复旦大学附属儿科医院 [6]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 [7]中国医科大学附属第一医院 [8]浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院 [9]安徽医科大学第一附属医院 [10]广州医科大学附属第一医院 [11]甘肃省人民医院 [12]新疆医科大学第一附属医院 [13]上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医院 [14]北京医院 [15]昆明医科大学第一附属医院

出  处:《中国感染与化疗杂志》2014年第6期474-481,共8页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

摘  要:目的了解2012年中国CHINET血培养分离菌的构成及耐药性。方法对中国CHINET 细菌耐药监测网2012年1月至12月所有血培养分离菌,按统一方案用K‐B纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感试验。结果2012年自血标本中共获分离菌8490株,其中革兰阳性球菌占56.0%,革兰阴性杆菌占44.0%。居前10位的分离菌依次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS )(35.5%)、大肠埃希菌(16.4%)、克雷伯菌属(9.8%)(其中91.1%为肺炎克雷伯菌)、肠球菌属(7.2%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)(7.2%)、不动杆菌属(5.9%)(其中93.8%为鲍曼不动杆菌)、草绿色链球菌(4.3%)、铜绿假单胞菌(3.2%)、肠杆菌属(2.4%)和洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(1.5%) ,占所有分离菌株的93.5%。甲氧西林耐药金葡菌(M RSA )、甲氧西林耐药 CNS (MRCNS)分别占金葡菌和CNS的50.8%和61.7%。粪肠球菌对高浓度庆大霉素和氨苄西林的耐药率分别为29.0%和10. 9%,屎肠球菌对多数测试药物的耐药率显著高于粪肠球菌。草绿色链球菌对青霉素的耐药率为3.8%。儿童分离株中青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌株为31.2%,与成人分离株大致相仿(34.1%)。葡萄球菌属、肺炎链球菌、其他链球菌属和粪肠球菌中均未发现万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药菌株,屎肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率为3.5%。大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌属、沙雷菌属、变形菌属和枸橼酸菌属等肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率均在10.0%以下,唯克雷伯菌属对碳青霉烯类耐药率为11.2%-19.8%。不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率较高,铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率近30.0%,对不动杆菌属耐药率达70.0%以上。结论2012年中国CHINET监测资料显示,血培养分离菌仍以革兰阳性菌为主,但检出比例有所下Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from blood culture in 15 hospitals across China in 2012 .Methods The susceptibilities of blood culture isolates to more than 20 antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby‐Bauer method according to a unified protocol .Results A total of 8 490 strains were isolated from blood samples in 2012 ,of which gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli accounted for 56 .0% and 44 .0% respectively .The top ten isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS ) (35 .5% ) , E . coli (16 .4% ) , K lebsiella spp . (9 .8% ) , Enterococcus spp .(7 .2% ) ,S .aureus (7 .2% ) ,Acinetobacter spp .(5 .9% ) ,S .viridans (4 .3% ) ,P .aeruginosa (3 .2% ) , Entrobacter spp .(2 .4% ) and Burkholderia spp .(1 .5% ) ,together accounting for 93 .5% of all the blood culture isolates . The prevalence of MRSA among S .aureus and MRCNS among CNS was 50 .8% and 61 .7% ,respectively .About 29 .0% and 10 .9% of the E . f aecalis isolates were resistant to high level gentamicin and ampicillin respectively ,significantly lower than thatofE.faecium.Penicillinresistancewasfoundin3.8% oftheS.viridansstrainsand31.2% oftheS.pneumoniae strains isolated from adults , and 34 .1% of the S . pneumoniae strains isolated from children . Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus was identified in 3 .5% of the E . f aecium isolates .No strains were found resistant to vancomycin or linezolid in Staphylococcus spp .,Streptococcus spp .,S .pneumoniae and E .faecalis .About 11 .2% to 19 .8% of the Klebsiella strains were resistant to carbapenems .For the other Enterobacteriaceae species ,less than 10 .0% of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems .Nonfermenters were highly resistant to carbapenems ,especially Acinetobacter spp .(71 .6% resistant) and P .aeruginosa (nearly 30 .0% resistant) .Conclusions Gram positive cocci still play an important role in blood stream infections in 2012 CHINET program ,but the proportion dec

关 键 词:血培养 临床分离菌 敏感性 

分 类 号:R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]

 

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