施氮量对稻茬麦土壤速效磷质量分数及磷素平衡的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Distribution of Soil Available Phosphorus and Phosphorus Balance under Rice-wheat Rotation

作　　者：石祖梁[1] 顾东祥[1] 顾克军[1] 张传辉[1] 杨四军[1] 于建光[1] 张斯梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第11期45-50,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B09);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(10)224];江苏省农业三新工程[SXGC(2012)406];环保部水专项课题(2012ZX 07101-004)

摘　　要：以宁麦9号和豫麦34为材料,研究施氮量（0、75、150、225、300kg·hm^-2）对土壤速效磷质量分数变化、植株磷素吸收、土壤磷素平衡的影响。结果表明,各处理植株磷素吸收均以拔节至开花期为积累高峰期,且随施氮量增加,磷素吸收呈先增后降的趋势,以N225处理最高。磷肥施用显著提高0-40cm土层速效磷质量分数,随施氮量的增加,土壤速效磷质量分数呈降低趋势。土壤-小麦系统磷素平衡呈明显的阶段性,播种至拔节期磷素出现大量的盈余,拔节至成熟期磷素出现不同程度的表观亏缺。在全生育期,2品种磷素表观盈余量均以N225处理最低,N0处理最高。综合考虑小麦产量和磷素平衡特征,宁麦9号和豫麦34在105kg·hm^-2的施磷量基础上可分别再降低P2O5用量7kg·hm^-2和10kg·hm^-2,配施225kg·hm^-2施氮量,能够获得较高的小麦产量并减少磷素损失。Field experiments with two cultivars of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.cv Ningmai 9 cv Yumai 34）were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen rates（0,75,150,225,300kg·hm^-2）on temporal-spatial distribution of soil available phosphorus（P）mass fraction,P uptake and soil P apparent surplus amount.The results showed that P uptake peak was from jointing to anthesis,and the treatment N225 reached the highest.P fertilizer application enhanced soil available P mass fraction of 0-40 cm soil layer,soil available P mass fraction decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rates.Soil P surpluses and deficits were obviously linked to growth-stage features owing to a difference in P supply and crop P demand.P surplus occurred from sowing to jointing,and P deficit occurred from jointing to maturity.During the whole growing season,P apparent surplus was the lowest at N225,and the highest at N0.It can be concluded that the N rate to 225kg·hm^-2,Ninmai 9and Yumai 34 reduced P2O5rate 7and 10kg·hm^-2 on the basis of phosphorus application rate 105kg·hm^-2 which could improve grain yield and reduce loss of P in wheat production.

关 键 词：施氮量 稻茬麦 土壤速效磷 磷吸收 磷素平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]