韭菜干粉及其提取物对大丽轮枝菌的抑菌作用  

Fungistasis of Chinese Chives Dry Powder and Its Extracts on Verticillium dahliae

作　　者：崔倩[1] 王美入 姚琴[1] 商文静[1,2] 杨家荣[1] 胡小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]棉花生物学国家重点实验室/中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第11期136-142,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371888);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题基金(CB2013A20);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B07049)

摘　　要：为探究韭菜干粉及其提取物对大丽轮枝菌的抑菌作用,将韭菜干粉以土壤质量的2%添加到接种有棉花黄萎菌不同菌量密度的土壤中,开展对棉花黄萎病防治效果及土壤中棉花黄萎菌存活影响的调查研究。结果表明,不同接菌量土壤中添加韭菜干粉,均可显著减少土壤中棉花黄萎菌的数量,降低棉花黄萎病的发生程度。韭菜干粉甲醇提取物抑菌活性成分存在于石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取物中,两种萃取物合并后通过硅胶柱层析分离,共得到21个馏分,其中有9个馏分的抑菌率达到100%,经GC-MS检测出的活性物质主要为含硫化合物、烯醛醇类化合物、杂环类化合物、阿魏酸衍生物和角鲨烯。其中,角鲨烯和阿魏酸甲酯是首次从韭菜中检测出的抑菌活性物质。In order to explore the fungistasis of Chinese chives（Allium tuberosum）dry powder and its extracts on Verticillium dahliae,Chinese chives dry powder with a mass fraction of 2% was added to the soil which had been inoculated with different quantity densities of Verticillium dahliae.The V.dahliae survival in soil and cotton Verticillium wilt were investigated.The control efficiency of Chinese chives dry powder was carried out,and the antifungal substances were separated and identified from Chinese chives extracts with antifungal activity test.Results showed that Chinese chives dry powder could significantly reduce the quantity and disease level of V.dahliaein soil.Antifungal activity components of Chinese chives were found in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts.These two kinds of extracts were merged,and separated by silica gel column chromatography.Nine fractions among of 21 fractions were identified to have high antifungal rate of 100%.The main substances detected by GC-MS from the nine fractions were sulfides,alkenyl,aldehydes,alcohols,heterocycliccompounds,ferulic acid derivatives and squalene.The squalene and ferulic acid methyl ester with fungistasis active to V.dahliae were first detected from Chinese chives.

关 键 词：韭菜干粉 棉花黄萎病 大丽轮枝菌 韭菜提取物 抑菌物质 

分 类 号：S435.621.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]