不同肥料组合对甘蓝产量品质和养分利用的影响  

On Effect of Different Combination of Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：刘辉 何德清 罗达璐 唐静[2] 吕慧峰[2] 王正银[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市沙坪坝区农业技术推广管理站,重庆400030 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第11期152-157,共6页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013-5);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(2010-Chongqing-02)

摘　　要：田间小区试验研究了不同肥料组合处理对甘蓝产量、品质和养分利用的影响．结果表明，无肥和减素施肥的甘蓝产量仅为最佳施肥（OPT ）的54.2％～79.2％，以无肥处理最低，减氮处理次之．在 OPT 基础上增施菜籽粕（M1）和泥炭（M2）显著提高甘蓝产量，并以施用菜籽粕的增产作用最大．OPT 及其增施不同肥料处理可使甘蓝商品率提高4～5个百分点．各减素和无肥处理均提高甘蓝硝酸盐含量，各增肥处理则为降低，以＋ Zn 处理的作用最大，其次为＋ M2处理．各施肥处理中以＋ B 和＋ M1处理降低甘蓝氨基酸含量的作用最大，以＋ M1处理降低甘蓝维生素 C 含量的作用最大，对甘蓝还原糖含量的影响不大．各处理较 OPT 降低甘蓝全氮（＋ M2除外）、全磷（－ P处理的降低幅度最大）和全钾含量．高产甘蓝叶片 N／K 大于低产处理，N ／P 和 K／P 较为协调．在减素处理中3种养分的利用率均＜5％，氮磷钾养分平衡施用和增肥处理的 N ,P ,K 养分利用率分别为25.7％～33.3％，9.2％～17.3％和18.7％～29.4％．各处理以 OPT 的磷和钾素利用率最高，＋ B 处理氮素利用率最高，＋ M1处理 N ,P ,K养分利用率居中上水平，系较理想的肥料组合处理．A field experiment has been conducted to study the effects of different combination of fertilizer on yield ,quality and nutrient use efficiency of Chinese cabbage .The results indicate that the yields of cab‐bage in CK （no fertilizer） and reduced fertilizer treatments is accounted for 54 .2% - 79 .2% of the optimal treatment （OPT ） ,and the lowest is from CK and followed by the reduced N rate treatment .Compared on the OPT treatment ,added zinc or boric does not significantly improve cabbage yield ,while the OPT ＋ M1 or ＋ M2 did and OPT ＋ M1 has the highest yield increase .The commercial cabbage yield could be increased by 4% - 5% compared to CK .Nitrate contents of cabbage in CK and reduced fertilizer treatments are in‐creased but decreased in all the treatments with increased fertilizer rates ,most significant with addition of Zn and followed by the OPT ＋ M2 treatment .The treatments of OPT ＋ B and OPT ＋ M1 have the lowest contents of amino acid ,while the latter also has the lowest contents of vitamin C but no effect on reducing sugar .Compared to OPT ,all the other treatments reduce total N （except OPT ＋ M2） ,P and K （except OPT ＋ Zn） in cabbage .The leaf N /K ratio is positively related to cabbage yield ,and optimal the N /P and K/P ratio are observed in the cabbage with high yield .In the nutrient omission treatments ,use efficiency for N ,P and K are 〈 5% .In the balanced fertilizer treatment or treatments with increased nutrient rates , the use efficiency of N ,P and K significantly increased ,as 25 .7% - 33 .3% for N ,9 .2% - 17 .3% for P and 18 .7% - 29 .4% for K .The highest nutrient use efficiency is observed as P and K in the OPT treat‐ment ,N in OPT ＋ B treatment ,and the second highest use efficiency for N ,P and K was from the OPT ＋M1 treatment ,an indication of an optimal fertilizer combination .

关 键 词：肥料组合 甘蓝 产量 品质 养分利用 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]