坑道施工作业环境的职业性危害因素研究  

INVESTIGATION ON OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：刘亮[1] 郝永建[2] 胡勇[2] 林本成[1] 袭著革[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所 [2]96615 部队

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2014年第5期391-394,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的检测坑道施工官兵职业性危害因素,调查作业人员健康状况,为部队职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用现场检测及采样、实验室分析、问卷调查等方式进行。结果职业性危害因素检测中,不同作业人员接触的呼吸性粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量为16.5%-48.5%,均超过10%,判定为矽尘;不同作业面总悬浮颗粒物检测结果显示,最大监测值达到36.40 mg/m^3,属严重超标;岩凿机手和扒渣机手接触的作业环境噪声实测值分别达到105.2 dB和99.4 dB;台车操作手垂直方向上的加速度长期最大峰值达到143.73 dB,除渣作业面CO实测值达27.5 mg/m^3,均超过相关国家标准限值,其余检测结果均符合相关标准要求。作业人员肺功能均在正常值范围内。结论施工坑道内存在多种危害官兵健康的职业性危害因素,主要是粉尘、噪声、振动和CO、苯系物等有毒有害气体,可能会对作业官兵听力及呼吸系统、心血管系统和运动系统等造成损害,应改进相关的防护措施。Objective To investigate the occupational hazards and health condition in tunnel construction troops,so as to provide the scientific basis for occupational disease prevention and control. Methods The field monitoring and sampling,laboratory analysis,and questionnaire investigation,etc were used. Results：（1） The content of free silica in respiratory dust in different types of working environment was 16. 5% - 48. 5%（over the criterion of 10%）,so it was ascertained as silica dust exposure;the total suspended particles in the air reached a highest value of 36. 4o mg /m^3,severely exceeded the standard.（2）The concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of slagremoval environment was 27. 5% mg /m^3,also markedly exceeded the standard.（3）The noise exposure level in rock-drilling workers,and slag-removal workers reached 105. 2 dB（A）,and 99. 4 dB（A） respectively,exceeded the standard of 85 dB（A）;and the maximum vertical whole-body vibration acceleration level in the vehicle workers was143. 73 dB,exceeded the standard as well. Conclusion There are many occupational hazards in the tunnel construction environment such as dust,noise,vibration,and harmful gas. The respiratory system,cardiovascular system,motor system,and hearing of the working soldiers may be impaired,so the relevent protection and management should be improved.

关 键 词：坑道 环境监测 职业性危害因素 健康监护 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]