温度对河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)氮、磷排泄影响的初步研究  

Effects of temperature on the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of Corbicula fluminea

作　　者：薛庆举[1,2] 蔡永久[1] 许浩[1,2] 龚志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2014年第6期864-870,共7页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41230744;31270505);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所"一三五"战略发展规划项目(NIGLAS2012135002)联合资助

摘　　要：在不同温度下,对太湖河蚬进行了室内短期氮、磷释放模拟实验.结果表明,温度对河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）不同形态氮、磷的排泄都有重要的影响.总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、总溶解性氮（TDN）、总溶解性磷（TDP）和正磷酸盐（PO4^3--P）排泄率随温度的升高都显著升高,而亚硝态氮（NO2^--N）排泄率先升高后下降.铵态氮（NH4^＋-N）排泄率在5和15℃间变化不显著,温度对硝态氮（NO3^--N）排泄率有影响但不显著.同时实验发现河蚬为排氨动物,NH4^＋-N排泄占TN排泄的50.78％～ 100％,TDN排泄占TN排泄的89.14％～ 100％,而NO3^--N、NO2^--N虽都有检出,但所占比例相对较小.在河蚬磷排泄中,TDP占TP比例范围为83.01％～ 100％,PO4^3--P在36.60％～ 96.59％之间,且所占比例都有随温度升高而增加的趋势.同时对排泄率与干重和温度之间的关系进行了回归分析,发现不同氮、磷排泄率（NO3^--N和NO2^--N除外）与温度和干重的关系均符合方程R（X） =aW^b·e^cT＋d,决定系数R^2都在0.967以上.A microcosm was established to simulate the short-term nutrient excretion of the Corbicula fluminea which was sampled in the Gonghu Bay,Lake Taihu.The C.fluminea was cultivated at 5,15 and 25℃ after 24 hours＇ acclimation.The results showed that temperature greatly affected the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rate of the C.fluminea.The excretion rate of total phosphorus （TP）,total nitrogen （TN）,total dissolved nitrogen （TDN）,total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） and phosphate phosphorus （PO4^3--P） represented a notable increase with the temperature increasing,however,the excretion rate of nitrite nitrogen （NO2^--N） increased first and then reduced with the increasing temperature.The change in the excretion of ammonium nitrogen（NH4^＋-N） between 5 and 15℃ was not significant.Temperature had a non-significant effect on nitrate nitrogen（NO3^--N）.We also found that the C.fluminea was ammonotelic benthos,and NH4^＋-N was the main nitrogenous excretory product which occupied for 50.78%-100% of the TN.TDN accounted for 89.14%-100% of the TN.Although NO3^--N and NO2^--N were detected,the amount of them is very little.In the phosphorus excretion,the proportion of TDP and PO4^3--P to TP were 83.01%-100% and 36.60%-96.59%,respectively,and the proportion of them increased with the rising temperature.Regression analysis between the dry weight,temperature and the excretion rates indicated that the regression equation R（X）-aW^b · e^cT ＋ d was adaptive to all types of the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion except NO3^--N and NO2^--N,and the R square reached over 0.967.

关 键 词：太湖 河蚬 氮、磷排泄 温度 比重 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]