巢湖悬浮物中有机氯农药的分布、来源与风险  

Distribution, source identification and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from Lake Chaohu

作　　者：王卿梅[1] 何玘霜[1] 王雁[1] 何伟[1] 秦宁[1] 孔祥臻[1] 刘文秀[1] 徐福留[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2014年第6期887-896,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41030529;41271462);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07103-002);国家杰出青年基金项目(40725004)联合资助

摘　　要：利用GC-MS测定了2010年5月至2011年4月巢湖4个采样点悬浮物中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量,分析了悬浮物中OCPs残留水平的时空变化及其组成特征,探讨了悬浮物中主要OCPs的可能来源与生态风险.结果表明:(1)巢湖悬浮物中共检出17种OCPs,分别为六六六类(HCHs)农药的4种异构体(α-、β-、γ-、δ-HCH)、滴滴涕类(DDTs)农药的两种母体(o,p'-、p,p'-DDT)和3种代谢产物(o,p'-、p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD)、六氯苯、七氯、艾氏剂、异艾氏剂、氯丹的两种异构体(α-、γ-chlordane)、硫丹-I和灭蚁灵.(2)巢湖悬浮物中∑OCPs含量为172.7±434.9 ng/g,其中∑HCHs含量为15.1±10.3 ng/g,∑DDTs含量为138.8±407.3 ng/g;DDTs在夏季污染水平达到最高;空间上,污染程度为:东部湖区>西部湖区>中部湖区.(3)DDTs在总OCPs中占有绝对优势,DDTs比例夏季最高而秋季最低;HCHs仅在秋季为主要污染物.(4)HCHs主要来源于近期林丹的非法使用;而DDT主要来源于工业DDT的使用,在春季可能存在DDT的非法使用;悬浮物中DDT的降解环境主要为有氧环境.(5)巢湖悬浮物中p,p'-DDT和o,p'-DDT会对水生生物产生潜在的不利影响.The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） in suspended particulate matter （SPM） of four sampling sites collected from Lake Chaohu （May 2010-April 2011） were measured.The temporal-spatial variation and composition of OCPs were analyzed and potential sources and ecological risks of OCPs were also explored.Results showed that：（1） Seventeen types of OCPs were detected in the SPM samples of Lake Chaohu,including 4 isomers of HCHs （α-,β-,γ-,δ-HCH）,two parent DDT compounds （o,p＇-,p,p＇-DDT） and their three metabolic products （o,p＇-,p,p＇-DDE,p,p＇-DDD）,HCB,Heptachlor,Aldrin,Isodrin,2 isomers of Chlordane （α-,γ-chlordane）,Endosulfan I and Mirex.（2） The annual average concentration of ∑OCPs in the SPM of Lake Chaohu was 172.7 ± 434.9 ng/g,and HCHs and DDTs accounted for 15.1 ± 10.3 and 138.8 ± 407.3 ng/g,respectively.The DDT content reached a maximum value in the summer.Regarding the spatial variability in the degree of pollution,the following trend was observed：eastern lake ＞ western lake ＞ central lake.（3） DDTs were the primary constituents of the total OCPs.The proportion of DDTs was the highest in the summer and the lowest in the fall.However,HCHs were the most significant pollutants only in the fall.（4） Considering possible sources,HCHs were derived from the illegal use of lindane,while DDTs likely originated from the industrial use of DDTs and illegal use in the spring.Moreover,DDTs degraded primarily under aerobic conditions.（5） In the SPM of Lake Chaohu,residual p,p＇-DDT and o,p＇-DDT may have adverse impact on the aquatic organisms.

关 键 词：巢湖 悬浮物 有机氯农药 残留水平 来源 风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]