苏中地区不同麦作方式下稻茬麦群体特征及产量结构的系统比较  

Comparative Research on Community Characteristics and Yield Structure of Growing Wheat after Rice with Different Kinds of Cultivated Methods in Central Jiangsu Region

作　　者：葛自强[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物栽培技术指导站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2015年第1期104-109,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业三新工程项目资助(SXGC[2013]245)

摘　　要：采用小麦超高产栽培技术、秸秆还田小麦高产高效技术、晚播独秆栽培技术、撒播小麦抗逆高产栽培技术等4种麦作方式,分析不同麦作方式下小麦的生育特征、产量及抗倒能力,结果表明:同一小麦品种采用不同麦作方式,全生育期、总叶片数等除晚播独秆栽培技术较短(少)外,其他3种方式基本一致;产量及单茎抗倒力矩均表现为小麦超高产栽培技术>秸秆还田小麦高产高效技术>撒播小麦抗逆高产栽培技术>晚播独秆栽培技术。因此,采用当前农业生产上提出的超高产栽培技术能够获得高产稳产,是江苏中部地区稻茬麦栽培主推的种植技术。但综合考虑秸秆还田综合利用、改良土壤、增加有机质等因素,秸秆还田小麦高产高效技术因也能保持相对较高的产量水平,是当前稻茬麦生产中同步推行的麦作技术方式。Four kinds of cultivated methods such as the cultivation technique for super high yield, the cultivation technique of high yield, high benefit and straw returns, the solo-stalk and late sowing eukural method, the cultivation technique of broadcast sowing, adverse resistant and high yield were adopted respectively to analyze the morphological characteristics dynamic, the yield performance and the resistance of wheat stem to lodging in central Jiangsu region. It was showed that for the same wheat varieties, the whole growth period of wheat, number of blade were the minimum with the solo-stalk and late sowing cultural method, which with the other three methods were basically the same among the four cultivated methods. The yield and lodging-resistant torque for single stem with the cultivation technique for super high yield was maximum, that with the cultivation technique of high yield, high benefit and straw returns was second, then followed by the cultivation technique of broadcast sowing, adverse resistant and high yield, and that with the solo-stalk and late sowing cultural method was minimum, So the cultivation technique for super high yield was adopted in central Jiangsu region to obtain high and stable production. Nevertheless, based on the consideration of the factors such as straw returns, soil improvement, high yield and so on, the cultivation technique of high yield, high benefit and straw returns can be promoted synchronously as an important cultural method in the development of wheat production after rice in the study area.

关 键 词：麦作方式 超高产栽培技术 稻茬麦 产量结构 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]