外来物种入侵灾变治理的困境与对策研究——以清水江三板溪库区“水白菜”泛滥为例  

Dilemma and Countermeasures of Disaster Management of Invasive Alien Species:A Case Study of Water Lettuce Growth in the Sanbanxi Reservoir

作　　者：马国君[1] 张振兴[2] 张颖洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学中国文化书院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2014年第4期2-13,共12页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社科重点课题"中国少数民族文化生态研究(11AZD071)";国家社科课题"清代至民国清水江流域林业契约文书研究(12XZS023)";国家教育部社科课题"清水江流域林木生产的社会规约研究(12YJA85017)"阶段性成果

摘　　要："水白菜"系我国环境保护部和中国科学院联合发布的第二批外来入侵物种之一。该物种从巴西引入我国后,在南方淡水河流或库区水域快速繁殖,压制和排挤本地物种生长,形成单极优势群落,对当地水生生态系统稳定构成严重威胁。贵州黔东南的清水江系长江支流沅江干流上游,沿江水库较多,其中锦屏三板溪水库自建成后,水白菜就开始在此泛滥成灾。灾变范围涉及到锦屏文斗寨以上至剑河境内100多公里的库区水域,不仅阻挡水上交通、污染水面,而且还损害了该水域的生物多样性。如何化解这一灾变,已成为当前生态治理和经济建设的当务之急。Water lettuce is one of invasive alien species in the second batch jointly issued by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Introduced from Brazil,this species propagates rapidly in freshwater rivers or reservoirs in southern China,a resulting in its unipolarly dominant community by pressing and crowding out the growth of native species,which poses a grave threat to the stability of the local aquatic ecosystem. The Qingshuijiang River in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province is the upstream of the Yuanjiang River,which is a tributary of the Yangtze River. Among the many reservoirs along the Qingshuijiang River,the Sanbanxi Reservoir of Jinping County has witnessed the flooding of the water lettuce ever since its completion. The scope of the disaster ranges from Wendou Village of Jinping County upward to over 100 kilometers of the reservoir water in Jianhe County,not only blocking the water ways and polluting the water,but also undermining the bio- diversity of the area. Its solution is thus urgent for the ecological management and economic development of the area.

关 键 词：外来入侵物种 “水白菜” 生态治理 清水江三板溪 

分 类 号：S322[农业科学—作物遗传育种]