柴油机尿素SCR系统的钒基催化剂老化性能研究  

Aging Test on Vanadium-Based Catalysts Employed in the Urea-SCR System for Diesel Engine

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 王家明 孙亮 白书战[1,2] 李国祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学能源与动力工程学院,济南250061 [2]无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司技术研发中心,无锡214177

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2014年第6期35-41,共7页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA111706)

摘　　要：通过小样评价试验和发动机台架试验,对自制的V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂进行了老化性能研究,并与国外同类型催化剂进行了对比,同时还通过对催化剂结构组分的表征分析,建立了催化剂结构与抗老化性能关系。试验结果表明:水热老化对自制和国外同类型催化剂的活性均有较大的负面影响,其中NOx转化率大于60%的温度窗口分别减少了18%和15%;而硫老化对温度窗口损失均仅为3%。台架快速老化试验后两种催化剂活性均有劣化,其中自制催化剂的ESC和ETC排放劣化率高于进口催化剂,但老化后两种催化剂仍可使发动机满足国-Ⅳ排放标准。组分结构分析结果表明:水热老化对催化剂的影响主要表现在比表面积的损失上,而比表面积的损失与催化剂组分中的V和Si含量紧密相关。Aging tests of home-made V2 O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst based on SCR technology were conduc- ted respectively on a steady-flow reactor and a vehicle diesel engine bench test to study the aging resistance performance, and the test results were compared with a foreign commercial catalyst. Meanwhile, character- ization analyses of the tested catalysts were also made to build a relationship between catalysts structure and ageing resistance ability. The results of the catalytic activity experiments show that hydrothermal aging has a large negative effect on the home-made and foreign catalysts, which result in approximately 18% and 15% reductions of active temperature window （NOx conversion rate〉60%） respectively. However, sulfur aging appears only 3% activity loss on both of the catalysts. After fast engine aging experiments, the home-made and the foreign catalysts both show NOx conversion deterioration, and the former is more severe than the latter in ESC and ETC testing cycles, but both catalysts can still make the engine meet the emission limits of China-IV emissions standard. The results of component and structure analyses on catalysts indicate that the major reason for catalytic activity reduction in hydrothermal aging is the loss of BET, and this is close con- nected to the V and Si content in the catalyst.

关 键 词：内燃机 柴油机 选择性催化还原 V2O5-WO3/TIO2催化剂 老化试验 比表面积 

分 类 号：TK421.5[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]