植物对水流和泥沙运动影响研究进展  

Research Progress in Effect of Vegetation on Flow and Sediment Transport

作　　者：张英豪[1,2] 赖锡军[1] 姜加虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2014年第5期669-676,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417000);国家自然科学基金项目(41071021)资助

摘　　要：植物对水流和泥沙运动有重要影响。在回顾国内外主要研究成果的基础上,将植物对水流和泥沙运动影响(含植物水流问题)研究归纳为三方面,即植物对水流阻力、紊流结构和泥沙运动的影响研究;考虑到问题的重要性,单独讨论了植物的消波与捕沙作用;详细总结了含植物水流问题研究的研究方法和重要结论;指出了当前研究中存在的不足,展望了未来研究趋势。Aquatic vegetation, an indispensable part of the wetland ecosystem, plays a critical role in ecosystem services. The present of aquatic vegetation not only provides food sources and habitat for some kinds of economically important fish, but also controls the material diffusion and sediment transport through altering the flow hydrodynamic condition. Based on the main research results, this paper divided the study of effect of vegetation on flow and sediment transport into three aspects： flow resistance, turbulence structure and sediment movement. Flow resistance with aquatic vegetation was usually evaluated by Manning roughness coefficient, n, and plant drag coefficient, CD, and was definitely increased comparing to the non-vegetated flow. Influenced by flow conditions（flow discharge and depth） and vegetation characteristics（plant morphology,height, stem density and rigidity etc.）, the quantitative expression of flow resistance was complex and no unified formula was presented. Turbulence structure analysis could be divided into mean velocity distribution, the Reynolds stress and the turbulence kinetic energy. The velocity distribution with aquatic vegetation was profoundly deviated from that of non-vegetated flow and two or three layers were divided and analyzed separately. The Reynolds stress and turbulence kinetic energy reached their maximums at the top of canopy and decayed downwards into the canopy. Comparing with the canopy interface, turbulence intensity was weakened dramatically beneath the canopy layer. However, there existed controversial that the canopy element in the lower part of the canopy enhanced the turbulence intensity or not comparing with non-vegetated condition.The alteration of turbulence structure certainly transformed the pattern of sediment deposition and movement,and many field experiments found that the suspended sediment concentration of flow with aquatic vegetation was obviously lower than that of non-vegetated flow. In addition, the wave attenuation and sediment capture of a

关 键 词：植物 水流阻力 紊动结构 泥沙运动 河流 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] TV143[生物学—普通生物学]