东南太平洋智利竹鱼渔场渔获物的种类组成与多样性  

Species composition and biodiversity of fishing grounds for Trachurus murphyi in the Southeast Pacific

作　　者：冯春雷[1] 杨胜龙[1] 张衡[1] 崔雪森[1] 周斌[1] 范秀梅[1] 黄洪亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所、农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2014年第6期489-495,共7页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B01、2013BAD13B06);国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2012AA092301);上海市“科技创新行动计划”社会发展领域项目(12231203901)

摘　　要：根据2009年3~6月和2012年3~5月在东南太平洋智利竹鱼(Trachurus murphyi)渔场(39°42'S^46°42'S;79°30'W^97°30'W)的渔获种类组成和数量分布调查数据,分析了其种类组成的月份和昼夜差异及其物种多样性。结果表明:调查期间共发现鱼类13科20种和未定种鱼类1种,其中鲭科4种、乌鲂科3种、头足类3种,均隶属于柔鱼科。从数量分布来看,2009和2012年均是以智利竹鱼比例最高,分别为92.55%和92.38%;其次为日本鲭(Scomber japonicus),分别为4.99%和0.15%;在头足类中,茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)数量比例最高,分别为1.17%和1.12%。从出现频次来看,智利竹鱼、日本鲭、日本乌鲂(Brama japonica)、茎柔鱼出现频次较高,其它种类出现频次很低;约88%的种类幼鱼比例低于10%。2012年白天渔获种类有13种,低于夜间的17种;智利竹鱼白天的数量比例比夜晚要高约11%,日本乌鲂、灯笼鱼科、茎柔鱼等种类则是夜间的数量比例和出现频次高于白天。2009年智利竹鱼渔场拖网渔获物的物种丰富度指数(D)为2.2~3.7,2012年为2.1~3.0;Pielous种类均匀度指数(J)在3~6月均很低,Shannon-weaver指数(H')在2009和2012年各个月份均低于0.8,反映了该渔业渔获物群落多样性较低。综合来说,东南太平洋智利竹鱼渔场渔获的种类数相对较低、群落结构较为单一,该作业对当地海域幼鱼资源的影响很低。Based on the data of species composition and quantitative proportion of fishing grounds for Trachurus murphyi in the Southeast Pacific （ 39 °42＇S - 46 °42＇S ; 79 °30＇W - 97 °30＇W） from March to June in 2009 and March to May in 2012, the paper analyzed the diurnal and monthly differences in species composition and biodivcrsity. A total of 20 fish species belonging to 13 families, 1 unidentified fish species and 3 cephalopods belonging to Ommastrephidae family were caught during the study period. Trachurus murphyi and Scomberjaponicas were dominant in the catch, accounting for 92.55% in 2009 and 92.38% in 2012 of the total abundance for the former species and 4.99% in 2009 and 0.15% in 2012 for the latter species. In cephalopods, quantitative proportion of Dosidicus gigas was the highest, which was 1. 17% in 2009 and 1. 12% in 2012, respectively. As for the occurrence frequency, the four species of Trachurus murphyi, Scomber japonicas, Brama japonica, Dosidicus gigas were often found in the catch, and the others were rarely found. The juveniles of 88% species was less than 10%. In daytime, the number of species was 13, which was lower than that at night （ 17 species）. The quantitative proportion of Trachurus murphyi in daytime was about 11% higher than that at night. Otherwise, both the quantity and occurrence frequency of many species were higher in night samples than those in day samples, such as Brama japonica, Myctophidae sp. , Dosidicus gigas. The value of Margalef＇ s species richness index （D） ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 in 2009 and 2.1 to 3.0 in 2012, while the Pielous＇ species evenness index （J） showed a relatively lower value, which ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 in March to June in these two years. During these sampling periods, the Shannon-weaver （H＇） index were also both lower than 0. 8, indicating that the biodiversity of Trachrus murphyi was relatively low. In the whole, both the species composition and biodiversity of Trachurus murphyi in the Southeast Pacific were relative

关 键 词：东南太平洋 智利竹荚鱼渔场 种类组成 数量 多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]