家庭养育与儿童体格生长发育的关系及其影响因素分析  

Relationship between Family Parenting and Physical Growth and Development of Children and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：刘美华[1] 况晓燕[1] 龚俊[1] 李维君[1] 钟霞[1] 谢芸芸[1] 李燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西省儿童医院儿童保健科 [2]南昌大学研究生院医学部,2012级南昌330006

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（医学版）》2014年第10期79-84,共6页Journal of Nanchang University：Medical Sciences

基　　金：江西省卫生厅科技计划(20093122)

摘　　要：目的：探讨家庭养育与儿童体格生长发育的关系，找出影响儿童体格生长发育的因素，为制定儿童养育计划提供科学依据。方法采用配对病例对照研究，同时采用自制的问卷调查表对206例体格生长发育不良的儿童（病例组）和206例健康体检的儿童（对照组）家属进行调查，测量2组体质量、身高，影响儿童体格生长发育的因素采用多因素条件 Logistic 回归分析。结果病例组体质量9．8～38．7（14．37±3．79）kg，身高11．2～120．3（96．38±13．01）cm；对照组体质量11．0～31．0（18．22±4．05）kg，身高84．0～128（105．83±11．39）cm。2组体质量、身高比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．01）。病例组的主带养者、主带养者文化程度、主带养者育儿知识掌握、与孩子交流、加饮料奶喂养及加米糕时间所占比例与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）。多因素条件 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，主带养者[父亲、祖（外）父母]、主带养者文化程度低、主带养者育儿知识掌握较少、与孩子交流少、常加饮料奶喂养、每天牛奶摄入量少、吃零食多、进餐不规律、每次进餐时间长、常挑食和偏食及常边吃边玩均是影响儿童体格生长发育的因素。结论影响儿童体格发育的因素主要包括家庭环境、儿童喂养知识与方式、儿童进食习惯3类因素。营造良好的家庭喂养环境，提高家长的育儿知识与技能，建立带养者健康的育儿行为，培养良好的饮食行为习惯，有利于减少儿童体格生长发育不良的发生。Objective To investigate the relationship between family parenting and physical growth and development of children,and to find out the factors influencing children’s physical growth for providing a scientific basis for the development of children’s parenting program.Meth-ods The family members of 206 growth-stunted children（case group）and 206 healthy children （control group）were investigated using the matched case-control study with the self-made ques-tionnaire.The body weight and height were measured in both groups.The multiple conditional lo-gistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing physical growth and development of children.Results The body weight and height were,respectively,（14.37±3.79）kg（range,9.8 to 38.7 kg）and（96.38±13.01）cm（range,11.2 to 120.3 cm）in case group,and（18.22±4.05）kg （range,11.0 to 31.0 kg）and（105.83±11.39）cm（range,84.0 to 128 cm）in control group.There were significant differences in body weight and height between the two groups（P 〈0.01）.In addi-tion,differences in the proportion of main fosterers,educational level and parenting knowledge of main fosterers,communication with children,feeding with beverage milk and the time of adding rice cakes were obvious between the two groups（P 〈0.05）.Multiple conditional logistic regres-sion analysis showed that the low education level of main fosterers（father and grandparents）,poor parenting knowledge,less communication with children,feeding with beverage milk,less daily milk intake,eating too much snack food,irregular diet,long duration of each meal,partiality for a particular kind of food,and playing while eating were the factors influencing physical growth and development of children.Conclusion The factors affecting physical development of children in-clude family environment,feeding knowledge and pattern,and eating habit.The construction of good family feeding environment,improvement in parenting knowledge and skills,establishment of healthy parenting behaviors,and de

关 键 词：家庭养育 体格发育 喂养 家庭环境 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]