不同肥料配合对莴笋产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响  

Effect of different fertilization treatments on yield,quality and nutrient uptake characteristics of lettuce

作　　者：杨东[1] 张晓玲[1] 陈益[1] 王正银[1] 向华辉 李戎 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]重庆市九龙坡区农林水电局,重庆400700

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2014年第10期1807-1812,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203013-5);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(2012-Chongqing-02)

摘　　要：【目的】研究N、P、K肥不同组合对莴笋产量、品质和养分吸收特征的影响,为中性和酸性菜园土上莴笋的高产优质和肥料的合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】在重庆市九龙坡区7个蔬菜基地开展田间试验,7个试验点按不同NPK配合设4个处理,分别为PK、NK、NP和NPK肥配合处理,另设无肥处理作对照（CK）。N、P、K养分用量分别为：N300 kg/ha,P2O5150 kg/ha,K2O 225 kg/ha。在收获期,测定莴笋产量、硝酸盐、氨基酸、维生素C（Vc）、可溶性糖及养分含量等,并计算其养分利用效率。【结果】7个试验点中NPK肥配合处理莴笋产量为23963.41-42651.09 kg/ha,其大小顺序均为：NPK〉NP〉NK〉PK〉CK处理,相比对照处理,各处理莴笋产量均极显著增产（P〈0.01,下同）,较CK提高20.79%-77.99%;莴笋硝酸盐含量为2473.11-3090.22 mg/kg,与对照处理相比,NK处理硝酸盐含量极显著增加,其他处理硝酸盐含量均极显著降低;莴笋还原糖的含量为0.928%-1.286%,相比对照处理,NP处理还原糖含量极显著增加,其他处理还原糖含量均极显著降低;莴笋氨基酸的含量为186.19-276.25 mg/kg,相比对照处理,PK处理氨基酸含量极显著降低,NP和NPK处理氨基酸含量均极显著增加,NK处理增加不显著（P〉0.05）;莴笋Vc的平均含量为413.3-477.2 mg/kg,相比对照处理,其他处理Vc含量均极显著降低。莴笋对N、P和K三要素的平均吸收量分别为40.30-88.10、6.15-11.80和75.40-134.08 kg/ha,各肥料配施处理莴笋对N、P、K吸收量均极显著高于对照。与N、P肥相比,K肥利用率最高（18.4%）,且N、K肥利用率变异系数较高。【结论】对于中性和酸性紫色土,均以NPK配合（N 300 kg/ha,P2O5150 kg/ha,K2O 225kg/ha）处理为莴笋优质高产的最佳处理。【Objective 】The effects of different combinations of the three elements of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield, quality and nutrient uptake characteristics of lettuce were studied to provide references for the rational application of fertilizer to get high yield and quality of lettuce in neutral and acidic garden soil. 【Method 】The completely randomized experiment had 5 treatments（CK,PK,NK,NP,NPK） in soils at 7 vegetable bases of Chongqing. The amount of nutrients was 300 kg/ha N,150 kg/ha P2O5,and 225 kg/ha K2 O. In the harvest period, nutrient utilization was calculated by measuring yield, nitrate, amino acid, Vitamin C, soluble sugar and nutrient content.【Result 】The results showed that the yield of lettuce in the 7 vegetable bases of Chongqing was 23962.41-42651.09kg/ha. Compared to the control, the treatments significantly increased the yield of lettuce（P 0.01, the same below）by 20.79%-77.99% and the order was NPK NP NK PK CK. The nitrate of lettuce was 2473.11-3090.22 mg/kg.Compared to the control,NK extremely increased nitrate content, while the other treatments were to the contrary. The reducing sugar of lettuce was 0.928%-1.286%. Compared to the control,NP treatment significantly increased reducing sugar of lettuce,however, the other treatments presented the opposite situation. The amino acid of lettuce was 186.19-276.25 mg/kg. Compared to the control,PK treatment significantly decreased the amino acid of lettuce,while NP and NPK treatments significantly increased the amino acid. No significant difference occurred in NK treatment. The Vccontent of lettuce was 413.3-477.2 mg/kg. Compared to the control,all treatments significantly decreased the Vc of lettuce. The average uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 40.30-88.10 kg/ha,6.15-11.80 kg/ha and75.40-134.08 kg/ha. Compared to the control,the content of these nutrients was increased significantly. The highest efficiency of applied fertilizer was potassium（18.4%）. Due to their high variable coefficient, it was a key

关 键 词：莴笋 产量 品质 肥料配合 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S636.236[农业科学—蔬菜学]