放牧对荒漠草原建群种和优势种生态位的影响  

Effect of Grazing on Niche of Constructive and Dominant Species in the Desert Steppe

作　　者：吕世杰[1] 刘红梅[2,3] 吴艳玲[2,4] 卫智军[2] 孙世贤[2] 王颖杰[2] 林森[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]内蒙古林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第10期1600-1609,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003019);国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2014CB138800);科技部"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAD13B00)

摘　　要：短花针茅荒漠草原建群种为短花针茅（Stipa breviflora），优势种为无芒隐子草（Cleistogenes songorica）和碱韭（Allium polyrrhizum），3个种群地上现存量之和可达群落现存量的60%~80%，其数量消长、时空变化及结构的位移均会引起群落的巨大波动。为明确3个植物种群占有空间资源的能力、相互关系及其受放牧影响的变化规律，以内蒙古苏尼特右旗赛汉塔拉镇1999年建立的荒漠草原教学科研基地建群种和优势种为研究对象，于2012年8月在围封区（CK）和自由放牧区（CG）按样带法和样地法进行取样，运用生态位宽度指数、生态位重叠指数及灰色关联度进行数据分析，结果如下。受放牧影响，短花针茅和碱韭主要通过大幅度调节生态位宽度来保证植物种群存活及其在群落中的地位和作用，变化幅度分别为0.429~0.813和0.235~0.828；而无芒隐子草生态位宽度变化不大（为0.556~0.761），其对放牧影响的耐受性较强。在生态位重叠方面，短花针茅与无芒隐子草受放牧影响后分别与其他两植物种群重叠程度增加，而碱韭植物种群表现相反；生态位重叠程度变化与种对间的竞争能力有关，也与种对间的亲和能力有关，且存在不对称性。Stipa breviflorawas the constructive specie, andCleistogenes songoricaandAllium polyrrhizum were dominant species of Stipa breviflora desert steppe. Their aboveground present biomass reached to 60%~80% of the total biomass, of which quantities, time and space changes, and structure displacement causeed large fluctuations in communities. Niche breadth and niche overlap index were analyzed to make sure the capacity of resources consumption, the relationships and variation impacts by grazing in Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia Saihantala research station,established in 1999. The samples were collected using the transect and plot method in contrast area （CK） and continuous grazing area （CG）, in August 2012. The results were shown as follows. Stipa brevifloraandAllium polyrrhizum affected by grazingmainly adjusted niche width to ensure plant populations survival and status or roles in the community, and their variation range were 0.429 to 0.813 and 0.235 to 0.828, respectively.Cleistogenes songoricadid not change in niche width （0.556 to 0.761）, and showed a strong resistance to grazing.Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songoricaincreased niche overlap extent with the other two populations due to grazing, whereasAllium polyrrhizum was the opposite. There was a relationship between niche overlap extent and populations competitive ability, and also linked with the populations affinity that exists asymmetry.

关 键 词：短花针茅荒漠草原 建群种 优势种 生态宽度 生态位重叠 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]