利用简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析太湖稻区现代粳稻品种的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Modern Japonica Rice (Oryza satiua L.) from Taihu Area Based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

作　　者：罗兵[1,2] 徐港明[1,2] 孙海燕[1,2] 杨志刚[1,2] 沈宗根[1,2] 高阳[1] 王小虎[1] 端木银熙[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院生物与食品工程学院,常熟215500 [2]国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心常熟分中心,常熟215500 [3]常熟市农业科学研究所,常熟215500

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2014年第12期1502-1513,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：江苏农业科技科技支撑项目(No.BE2011445);苏州市科技计划项目(No.SZS201102;No.SYN201110和No.SNG201323);江苏省大学生实践创新训练计划项目(No.201310333032Y);苏州市吴江区科技计划项目(No.WN201311和No.WN201317);常熟市科技计划项目(No.CS201205)

摘　　要：太湖地区有丰富的粳稻（Oryza satiua ssp. japonica）种植资源，随着品种大面积推广应用，育种材料的遗传基础趋窄，相似性增高，使粳稻育种突破困难。本研究利用分布于水稻（Oryza satiua L.）12条染色体上的24对简单重复序列（simple sequence repeat, SSR）引物对太湖地区的42份粳稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，有23对SSR引物在42份粳稻材料间表现出多态性；23对引物共检测到105个等位基因，每对SSR引物检测到等位基因为2~8个，平均为4.57个，有效等位基因共有56.43个，平均每个位点为2.45个。每个多态位点的多态信息含量（polymorphism information content, PIC）变幅为0.0830~0.8079，平均为0.4966；每个粳稻材料多态性位点数的变幅为6~19，等位基因总数的变幅为27~55；42份粳稻品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.391~0.990，平均为0.610，遗传相似系数在0.50~0.80之间的材料占全部的74.45%，供试材料相似度高；非加权配对算术平均法（unweighed pair group method with arithmetic mean；UPGMA）聚类结果显示，遗传相似系数为0.50，42份粳稻材料可以分为两个类群，一个类群包含19份常规粳稻，另一个类群包括其他23份杂交粳稻。结果显示，太湖地区的粳稻品种总体上遗传背景相似度高，遗传多样性不够丰富，育种工作有待进一步加强新的基因资源引进和利用，创新水稻育种材料。本研究结果为新品种选育提供技术支持和理论根据。The japonica rice （Oryza satiua ssp. japonica） resources are rich in Taihu area. Along with large-scale popularization of rice varieties, the genetic basis of breeding material is became narrower and the genetic similarity is increased, thus the japonica rice breeding has became more difficult. Genetic diversity of 42 japonica rice varieties, collected from Taihu area, was analyzed by 24 pairs of simple sequence repeat（SSR） primers. The SSR primers were located at 12 rice chromosomes, and 2 pairs of SSR primers were selected at each chromosome. The results showed that 23 pairs of SSR primers performed polymorphism in the 42 materials. A total of 105 alleles loci were detected among 42 varieties using the 23 pairs of SSR primers. The average number of detected alleles by each primer pair was 4.57 with a range from 2 to 8. The effective alleles were 56.43 with average 2.45. The value of allelic polymorphism information content （PIC） varied widely from 0.083 0 to 0.807 9 with an average value of 0.496 6. The number of polymorphic loci each variety ranged from 6 to 19, and the number of allele loci ranged from 27 to 55. The genetic similarity coefficient of SSR markers among 42 japonica rice varieties ranged from 0.391 to 0.990, with average 0.610, and the genetic similarity coefficient of 74.45% tested materials ranged from 0.50 to 0.80. Furthermore, the UPGMA（unweight pair group method with arithmetic mean） clustering analysis at the genetic similarity value of 0.50 grouped the 42 japonica rice varieties into two groups. The 19 conventional japonica rice varieties could be grouped, and they were divided into 2 subgroups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.58. Another group was composed of the 23 japonica hybrid rice varieties, and it also was divided into two subgroups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.70. Based on the all analysis, it was concluded that the genetic background comparability of the japonica rice varieties in Taihu area was high and the diversity was low. T

关 键 词：粳稻 简单重复序列(SSR)标记 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S635.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]