英美社会工作实务模式的历史、类型与实务模式演变的历史规律  

History and Model of British and American Social Work Practice, and Historical Law of Practice Model Evolution

作　　者：刘继同[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学卫生政策与管理系,教授北京100191

出　　处：《社会工作》2014年第5期3-30,152,共28页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中国特色医务社会工作实务模式研究"(10BSH060);国家卫计委"精神卫生社会工作服务模式研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文首次系统回顾了英美社会工作实务模式的历史形成、发展、演变轨迹与时代特征,并将其划分为1900-1950年代、1960-1970年代、1980-2000年、2000年以来四大历史发展阶段。社会工作实务专业化、理论化、质量化与综合化是四个阶段的历史主题和时代特征。本文首次将社会工作实务模式划分为:方法技巧为基础的实务模式,社会工作教育实务模式,专门领域的实务模式,宏观、中观和微观模式,学科专业为基础的实务模式,理论流派为基础的实务模式,社会工作实务理论模式,混合型实务模式,结构化与功能化实务模式,综合性和制度化实务模式,全球性和跨文化社会工作实务模式,共计十一类实务模式。这些社会工作实务模式典型反映了现代社会工作实务模式的结构体系,清晰反映了英美社会工作实务价值化、专业化、教育化、理论化、模式化、国际化与文化化趋势。更为重要的是,本文首次全面系统分析了英美社会工作实务模式类型体系的结构、功能与演变规律,总结了英美社会工作实务模式类型结构性变迁历史经验,比较了不同类型实务模式的异同之处。最后,本文简要归纳了英美社会工作专业和社会工作实务模式发展变迁的结构化路径,探索了社会工作实务体系与社会工作专业发展的普世规律,为中国特色社会工作制度框架设计与实务模式建构提供了历史智慧,为构建中国特色福利制度与和谐社会,创造美好新生活贡献专业力量,指明了专业发展方向。This is the first systematic review for the historical formation, development, evolution trace and characteristics of the times of British and American social work practice model, which divides the historical development into four stages: 1900-1950, 1960-1970, 1980-2000 and after 2000, whose historical themes and characteristics of the times are specialization, theorization, quality and comprehensiveness of social work Practice respectively. This article firstly divides models of social work practice into the following 11 types: skills-based practice model, social work education practice model, practice model in specialized areas, macro, meso and micro model, discipline- based practice model, theoreticalschools-based practice model, theoretical model for social work practice, mixed practice model, structural and functional practice model, comprehensive and institutionalized practice model, global and cross-cultural social work practice model, typically reflecting the structural system for modern social work practice, clearly reflecting the value-based, specialized, educational, theoretical, modeled, international and cultural trends of British and American social work practice. More importantly, this article firstly and comprehensively analyzes the structure, function and evolution law of the system of British and American social work practice model, summarizing the historical experience for structural changes of British- American social work practice model, comparing similarities and differences of different practice models. Finally, the author briefly summarizes the structural path for British and American social work profession and development of social work practice model, explores the universal law for social work practice system and development of social work professional, providing historical wisdom for the design of social work system framework with Chinese characteristics and the construction of practice model, making professional contribution and indicating professional development direction for buildin

关 键 词：社会工作实务 实务模式 实务模式类型 实务体系结构 实务模式概念框架 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]