上海市2007年和2012年中小学生视力不良流行趋势比较  

Comparison of the myopia prevalence among primary and middle school students in Shanghai between 2007 and 2012

作　　者：郑文娟[1] 王向军 徐嘉清 曹志娟[1] 郭家宁[1] 王书梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院/公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,上海200032 [2]上海市健康职业技术学院 [3]上海市学生活动管理中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第10期1481-1484,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市学生活动管理中心专项经费上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划资助项目(12GWZX0301)

摘　　要：目的对上海市2007年和2012年高一学生和小学低年级学生视力状况进行比较分析,为科学防控学生视力不良提供依据。方法分层整群抽取上海市6个区高一学生和36所学校一～三年级小学生（2007年2 772名,2012年2 611名）,视力数据来自于学校最近1次的视力检测结果;采用问卷调查方式调查高一学生和小学生的近视相关因素,并对其进行分析比较。结果 2012年高一学生视力不良率（83.0%）高于2007年（77.6%）,但轻、中度视力不良率呈下降趋势,分别下降了1.5和3.2百分点;重度视力不良率升高了10.1百分点,2 a间视力状况分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。2007年和2012年小学低年级学生总体视力不良率分别为32.4%和30.2%,下降了2.2百分点,且中、重度视力不良率分别下降0.8和2.5百分点,2 a间视力状况分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论上海市教育等部门对小学生采取的一系列防制近视的措施取得了一定成效,但学生视力不良情况仍很严重,需要继续加强干预。Objective Compare the prevalence of myopia among fresh students （ 2 772 ones for 2007, 2 611 ones for 2012） of high middle school and low-grade pupils in Shanghai between 2007 and 2012 to provide the basis of more targeted myopia prevention strategies and measures for future. Methods With multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, some fresh students of high middle school and all the pupils in grade 1-3 of thirty-six primary schools in six districts in Shanghai were selected. A questionnaire study was conducted among those students. Results The prevalence rate of myopia among fresh students of high middle school in Shanghai in 2012（ 83.0%） was higher than that in 2007（ 77.6%）, namely the prevalence rate of myopia in those fresh students was on the rise. But the rate of light and moderate myopia were on the decline, fell by 1.5% and 3.2% respectively, while the rate of severe myopia increased by 10.1%. The prevalence rate of myopia among low-grade pupils in 2007 and 2012 years were 32.4% and 30.2% respectively, fell by 2.2%, and the rate of moderate and severe myopia decreased by 0.8% and 2.5%. All the differences between two years were statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Prevention measures and strategies to primary students taken by Shanghai education and other departments in the five years have obtained certain success, but myopia in students is still serious, so further intervention should be continued to strengthen.

关 键 词：视力 低 流行病学研究 中小学生卫生保健服务 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]