河北联合大学新生高血压患病危险因素及健康教育效果评价  

Risk factors of hypertension among college freshmen and the effectiveness of health education intervention

作　　者：周建芝[1] 穆树敏[2] 王志军[2] 刁增利[2] 黄宇玲[2] 王红阳[2] 李海涛[2] 葛庆锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学校医院,唐山063000 [2]河北联合大学附属医院心内科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第10期1514-1516,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：河北联合大学教学改革课题项目(Y1159-43)

摘　　要：目的分析大学新生高血压患病率、危险因素以及健康教育效果,为有效预防高校学生高血压提供参考。方法对河北联合大学2012年3 560名入校新生的高血压患病率及其危险因素进行调查,并为152名高血压患者制定有针对性的健康教育措施,评价干预效果。结果 3 560名大学新生中高血压患者152名,患病率为4.27%。男、女生患病率分别为5.37%和2.93%,有、无高血压家族史的大学生患病率分别为20.25%与2.22%,正常体重、超重、肥胖的大学生患病率分别为3.15%,7.52%和24.71%,吸烟、不吸烟学生患病率分别是8.72%和3.76%,饮酒、不饮酒大学生患病率分别为9.19%和3.53%,有不良情绪无不良情绪的患病率分别为6.49%与3.56%,个人口味偏重与口味清淡的大学生患病率分别为5.62%和3.80%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为12.865,285.408,108.701,19.821,31.890,6.173,13.727,5.547,P值均<0.05)。对152名高血压学生实施健康教育,干预前后患者的收缩压分别为(149.3±7.8)和(124.5±5.9)mm Hg,舒张压分别为(89.9±8.4)和(80.4±9.7)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-18.805,-8.826,P值均<0.01)。结论男生、有高血压家族史、超重肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼、不良心理情绪、口味偏咸等是大学生高血压的危险因素。实施有针对性的健康教育能够控制大学生高血压患者的血压水平。Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among college freshmen and to evaluate the effectiveness of health education intervention. Methods Totally 3 560 college freshmen were enrolled in 2012. Targeted health education intervention was implemented among 152 college freshmen with hypertension and intervention effects were analyzed. Results The hypertension detective rate was 4.27%. Male （ 5.37% ） , family history of hypertension （20.25% ）, overweight （7.52%） and obesity （24.71%）, smoking （8.72%）, drinking （ 9. 19%）, lack of regular exercise （ 5.17%） , emotionally unstable （ 6.49% ）, salty taste （ 5.62%） were higher than those of female （ 2.93% ）, without family history of hypertension （ 2.22% ）, normal weight（3.15%） , no smoking（3.76% ）, no drinking （3.53%）, regular exercise （3.48% ）, emotionally stable （3.56% ）, light taste （3.80%）respectively. After health education, blood pressure of all the hypertensive students decreased significantly. Conclusion Male, family history of hypertension, overweight and obesity, smoking, drinking, lack of regular exercise, psychological problems, salty taste are risk factors of hypertension among college students. Targeted health education might help college students with hypertension to control blood pressure.

关 键 词：高血压 危险因素 健康教育 学生 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]