一次积层混合云系人工增雨作业的综合观测分析  

Comprehensive Observation and Analysis of an Artificial Rainfall Operation in Convective-Stratiform Mixed Clouds

作　　者：张中波[1,2] 仇财兴 王治平[1,2] 蒋元华[4] 唐林[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省人工影响天气办公室,长沙410118 [2]湖南省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,长沙410118 [3]湖南省气象局,长沙410118 [4]中国气象局人工影响天气中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科技》2014年第5期897-905,共9页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省气象局重点科研项目"湖南飞机增雨催化指标与作业流程研究"和"CPAS系统在湖南的集成应用研究"共同资助

摘　　要：综合利用多普勒天气雷达资料、FY-2E静止卫星反演云参数、MODIS极轨卫星反演产品和地面降水资料,对湖南2013年8月17日一次飞行作业的积层混合云降水结构及催化效果进行了分析。研究表明,作业云系以云顶温度较低的积层混合云为主。-10℃以上存在深厚的冰相增长带,云顶以冰相的大粒子为主;-10℃层以下,云滴的凝结碰并作用显著,冰相过程显著。光学厚度与地面降水有很好的正相关性,能很好地反映降水落区。回波垂直廓线表明,催化云系冷层厚度较大,0℃层附近液水含量较为充沛,降水以冰相过程为主。深厚的冰相层和冰水混合层的配置有利于降水的发生,在以冷云过程形成降水的位置进行催化作业,催化部位和时机较为科学合理。物理统计分析发现,催化后高层的回波强度率先增长,低层响应较为滞后,说明催化率先引起高层降水粒子的增长,雨滴增长下落后导致低层回波出现增长。相对于对比区,催化能引起回波强度和降水增强,并能相对延长目标云区的生命期,催化效果较为明显。Using Doppler radar data, the retrieved cloud parameters from FY-2E geostationary satellite, the retrieved products of MODIS polar-orbiting satellites, and conventional precipitation data, the precipitation structure and catalytic effect of the stratus-cumulus mixed clouds in a precipitation enhancement operation in Hunan on 17 August 2013 are analyzed. The results show： the clouds in the operation were mainly stratus- cumulus mixed clouds with low cloud-top temperature; above the --10 ℃ level, there was a deep ice-phase growth zone and there were mainly ice-phase particles at the cloud tops; beneath the --10 ℃ level, both cloud condensation coalescence and ice-phase process were significant. Optical thickness and surface rainfall were correlated positively, reflecting well the area of precipitation. The vertical profiles of echoes show that the cold catalyzed layer had thicker thickness; there was abundant liquid water around the 0 ℃ layer; precipitation was produced by ice-phase processes. For the configuration of the deep ice layer and the mixed layer was favorable to the occurrence of precipitation, catalysis operation was conducted in the area where precipitation formed in the cold cloud process, which is more scientific and reasonable. Physical statistical analysis indicates that the echo intensity at upper levels enhanced first after catalysis, and there was a lag at the lower levels, which means that catalysis induced raindrop growth first, and then the falling of the raindrop grown raindrops resulted in the enhancement of echoes at lower levels. Relative to the contrast region, catalysis can increase echo intensity, e. g., precipitation; relative to the prolonged life span of the target cloud area, the catalytic effect was more apparent.

关 键 词：多普勒天气雷达 云降水 结构 光学厚度 催化效果 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]