驾驶人危险感知建模与实验解析  

Drivers' hazard perception modeling and experimental analysis

作　　者：杨京帅[1] 王文亮[1] 苏薇[1] 杨得婷 孙正一[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,西安710064

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期1304-1308,共5页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51108040;51108390);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CHD2011JC105)

摘　　要：为了量化驾驶人群体危险感知的差异性并指出差异性的原因所在,对驾驶人危险感知进行建模与实验测试分析.借鉴污染环境下生物种群生存这一自然现象,构建了驾驶人危险感知模型,通过实验测试了驾驶人在不同交通场景的危险识别时间与反应时间.模型分析与实验结果表明,驾驶人危险感知阈限值与交通情境危险输入的速率负相关,与驾驶人正确反应率和危险识别率正相关.不同危险程度的交通场景对驾驶人危险感知的总反应时间和识别时间具有显著影响(p<0.001);驾驶经验对驾驶人危险识别时间没有显著影响(p=0.080),但是对危险的反应时间具有显著影响(p=0.003).熟练驾驶人相比非熟练驾驶人具有较高的危险感知水平,这种差异性主要体现在熟练驾驶人能够更快速准确地预测评估交通情境中的危险并进行合理判断.To quantify the difference of drivers＇ hazard perception and point out the causes of the difference,drivers＇ hazard perception was modeled and tested by experiments.The hazard percep-tion model was built based on the natural phenomena of biological population surviving in pollution environments.The hazard detection time and hazard reaction time were tested in different traffic situ-ations.The model analysis and experimental results show that drivers＇ hazard perception threshold limit value is negatively affected by the input rate of traffic situation dangers and positively affected by drivers＇ correct reaction ratios and hazards detection ratios.The results of drivers＇hazard percep-tion test reveal a main effect of traffic situations with different risk level on drivers＇ overall reaction time and hazard detection time （p〈0.001）.Driving experiences have no significant effect on haz-ard detection time （p=0.080）but have significant effect on drivers＇ hazard reaction time （p=0.003）.Experienced drivers are with higher hazard perception level than unskilled drivers,which is reflected by the facts that experienced drivers can predict and evaluate dangerous events in traffic sit-uations more quickly and accurately.

关 键 词：交通工程 驾驶人 危险感知 方差分析 交通情境 驾驶经验 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]