阿维菌素等药剂及其混配制剂对赤眼蜂的安全性评价  

Safety Evaluation of Abamectin and Its Mixtures on Trichogramma spp.

作　　者：徐华强[1] 薛明[1] 赵海朋[1] 刘艳艳[1] 祝国栋 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2014年第3期311-315,共5页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-05);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAI06B01)

摘　　要：赤眼蜂寄生于多种鳞翅目害虫的卵内,是重要的寄生性天敌昆虫,又是农药登记环境评价的重要靶标生物。为明确阿维菌素等药剂及其混配制剂对赤眼蜂的毒性,采用管测药膜法测定了阿维菌素等药剂及其混配制剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性,并进行安全性评价。结果表明阿维菌素等单剂中,15%虫螨腈水乳剂和98%噻虫嗪原药对玉米螟赤眼蜂毒性较高,LR50分别是1.30×10-7和8.90×10-6 mg/cm2,为极高风险性药剂;5%阿维菌素乳油和95.8%吡虫啉原药对玉米螟赤眼蜂的LR50分别为2.00×10-5和2.91×10-5 mg/cm2,为高风险性药剂;98.1%哒螨灵原药和92%吡蚜酮原药对玉米螟赤眼蜂的LR50分别是1.71×10-2和2.43×10-2 mg/cm2,毒性较低,为低风险性药剂。12%阿维菌素·噻虫嗪悬浮剂、36%阿维菌素·吡虫啉水分散粒剂和12%阿维菌素·虫螨腈水乳剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的LR50分别为2.26×10-7、3.64×10-6和8.57×10-6 mg/cm2,毒性较高,均为极高风险性药剂;18%阿维菌素·吡蚜酮悬浮剂和6%阿维菌素·哒螨灵乳油的LR50分别为6.23×10-5和2.49×10-4 mg/cm2,风险性等级较低,安全性高。阿维菌素混配制剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性,不仅与混剂中的另一单剂的毒性大小有关,还与混剂中阿维菌素的含量有关。因此,在大田释放赤眼蜂防治玉米螟、棉铃虫等害虫时,应避免高风险药剂的使用,以避免对赤眼蜂的伤害。Trichogramma spp. are important egg parasitoids and target organisms in pesticide registration or environmental assessment. Toxicity of abamectin and its mixtures on Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen adults were determined using the dry film residue method. Among the tested pesticides, chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam showed the highest toxicity to T. ostriniae, with LR50 values of 1.30×10-7 and 8.90×10-6 mg/cm2, respectively. Abamectin and imidacloprid had higher toxicity to T. ostriniae, with LR50 values of 2.00×10-5 and 2.91×10-5 mg/cm2, respectively. Pyridaben and pymetrozine showed less toxicity to T. ostriniae, with LR50 values of 1.71×10-2 and 2.43×10-2 mg/cm2. Among the mixtures, abamectin·thiamethoxam had the highest toxicty to T. ostriniae, with LR50 of 2.26×10-7 mg/cm2. Abamectin·thiamethoxam and abamectin·chlorfenapyr also had high toxicity to T. ostriniae, with LR50 values of 3.64×10-6 and 8.57×10-6 mg/cm2, respectively. These abamectin mixtures were extremely high risky pesticides to T. ostriniae, LR50 values of abamectin·pymetrozine and abamectin·pyridaben were 6.23×10-5 and 2.49×10-4 mg/cm2, respectively, which were less toxicity to T. ostriniae. The toxicities of the abamectin mixtures depended not only on the other pesticides but also the contencentration of abamectin. Thus, pesticides with high toxicity to T. ostriniae＆amp;nbsp;should be avoided during release of the wasp for control of Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）.

关 键 词：阿维菌素 混剂 玉米螟赤眼蜂 毒性 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]