棉隆与粉红螺旋聚孢霉67-1协同防治黄瓜枯萎病的研究  

Management of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt via Combinative Application of Dazomet and Clonostachys rosea 67-1

作　　者：田甜[1] 孙漫红[1] 李世东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2014年第4期503-510,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA10A205);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B01);行业技术体系项目(Nycytx-35-gw29)

摘　　要：本文通过温室大棚试验,开展了设施栽培条件下土壤熏蒸剂棉隆与生防真菌粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea 67-1协同防治黄瓜枯萎病Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinu(FOC)的研究。结果表明,采用棉隆熏蒸土壤(1‰,W:W)结合生防菌剂拌土(106孢子/g土),可以有效降低土壤中枯萎病菌对直播黄瓜种子和幼苗的侵染,30 d黄瓜死苗率为0,而单一使用棉隆或菌株67-1菌剂,死苗率分别为13.3%和44.5%。田间大棚试验表明,采用25 g/m2剂量的棉隆熏蒸土壤,并在移苗时穴施107孢子/穴生防菌液,对黄瓜枯萎病防效达到98.5%,显著高于单独使用棉隆(88.8%)和菌株67-1菌剂(62.2%),黄瓜产量增加48.5%。布里斯模型分析表明,棉隆与菌株67-1菌剂结合使用具有增效作用。对土壤中微生物数量监测表明,二者联合处理可有效降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌种群数量,提高生防菌在根际的定殖水平,并且有利于被病原菌污染土壤的生态修复。本研究为土传病害的有效防治和生防菌剂的高效利用提供了理论依据。We investigated the synergistic effects of soil fumigation with Dazomet and biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea67-1 used successively for control of cucumber fusarium wilt in protected fields. Pot experiments showed that death rate of cucumber seedlings in soil infested withFusarium oxysporumf. sp. cucumerinum KW2-1 （FOC） at 3% （w/w） was zero at the 30th day after sowing whenC. rosea67-1 was applied at 106 spores/gsoil following soil fumigation with Dazomet at 1 g/kg of soil, while those were 13.3% and 44.5% in soil treated with Dazomet and 67-1 alone, respectively. Experiments in an infested sunlight greenhouse demonstrated that soil fumigation with Dazomet at 25 g/m2 in combination with hole application ofC. rosea at 107 spores/hole when transplanting led to 98.5% of control efficiency, much higher than those resulted from treatments of fumigation （88.8%） and biocontrol （62.2%）. Cucumber yield was increased by 48.5% by combinative treatment. Analysis of Bliss Independence indicated that there was a synergistic effect of Dazomet andC. rosea 67-1 in combating cucumber fusarium wilt. Tests with soil dilution plates showed that population of FOCdeclined drastically and remained at a low level during the whole growing season and the colonization of 67-1 in rhizosphere enhanced greatly （P＆lt;0.01） after chemical fumigation followed by application of the 67-1. The research indicated that combination of fumigation and biocontrol could protect cucumber from infection by FOC and might also be used for management of other soil born diseases.

关 键 词：土壤熏蒸 生物防治 协同效应 粉红螺旋聚孢霉 黄瓜枯萎病 土壤微生物区系 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]