寄生蜂的外竞争和内竞争作用  

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Competitive Interactions in Parasitoids

作　　者：徐海云[1] 杨念婉[1] 万方浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2014年第4期546-551,共6页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金(30930062);国家自然科学青年基金(31301726);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303024);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB119200);科技导报"博士创新资助计划"项目

摘　　要：寄生蜂之间的竞争作用是影响昆虫群落的大小、结构和稳定性的主要因素之一,也是影响寄主种群密度变化和生防系统有效性的关键因素。寄生蜂之间的竞争可发生在搜索寄主的成蜂之间(外竞争,extrinsic competition),亦可发生在同一寄主体内同时发育的幼虫之间(内竞争,intrinsic competition)。全面、深入地了解寄生蜂的种间和种内竞争互作关系、影响竞争结果的主要因素和竞争作用对寄主控效的影响等可为害虫生物防治体系中天敌的选择和管理提供依据,为建立持续有效的害虫生防体系奠定基础。本文首先从寄生蜂成蜂搜寻、定位寄主的能力和寄主识别的能力两个方面对寄生蜂成蜂的竞争能力进行了综述,其次又从物理攻击和生理抑制两个方面对寄生蜂幼虫的竞争能力进行了综述,最后指出了科学、全面、深入地阐明农业生态系统中多种寄生蜂间的相互作用关系的必要性。Competition between parasitoid species may be a key factor in shaping size, structure and stability of insect communities as well as an important factor in influencing pest population density and the efficiency of biological control programs. Interspecific competitive interactions between parasitoids exist either between adult parasitoids searching and locating hosts （extrinsic competition） or between larval parasitoids sharing the same host （intrinsic competition）. Further understanding the inter- and intraspecific competition in parasitoids and the factors affecting the competition outcome as well as its effect on host suppression could provide implications for selection and management of effective natural enemies in biological control program. We reviewed the interspecific competitive abilities of adult parasitoids in terms of host searching/location strategies and host discrimination, and the inter- and intraspecific competitive abilities of larval parasitoids developing within the same host in terms of physical attack and physiological suppression. This review indicates the necessity to investigate the inter- and intraspecific interactions between parasitoids in agroecosystems.

关 键 词：寄生蜂 种间关系 外竞争 内竞争 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]