主要特种纤维及其复合材料的研发现状及发展前景  

Present conditions and developing prospect of main specialty fibers and their composite materials

作　　者：罗益锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]全国特种合成纤维信息中心,北京100028

出　　处：《高科技纤维与应用》2014年第4期8-17,共10页Hi-Tech Fiber and Application

摘　　要：论述10种主要增强用特种纤维及其复合材料的研发现状与发展前景,目前碳纤维(CF)的最大市场是航空航天和国防军工约占40%,而到2020年汽车将成为CF的大型市场,达到与前者相当的约2.3×104 t。对位芳酰胺纤维(P-ARF)的需求将以10%的速率增长,最大用途仍是光缆、防弹和橡胶制品。超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPEF)技术上有重要突破,使防弹性能提高25%,而质量下降20%,并应用于人体医疗领域。聚酰亚胺纤维(PIMF)无论作为是耐热纤维或高强高模纤维我国都有重要进展,其中碳化硅纤维(SiCF)在我国开始迈向产业化,而玄武岩纤维(BSF)我国已迈入世界先进水平,但中间相沥青碳纤维(M-PCF)、聚苯并双噁唑纤维(PBOF)和聚芳酯纤维(APETF)则产业化步履艰难。2020年我国可望成为特种纤维及其复合材料的生产大国。The present conditions and developing prospect of 10 main specialty fibers and their composites materials were illustrated. The biggest market of carbon fiber was aeronautic aerospace and military industry now, the share was about 40%, but automobile will became big market and reach 2.3×10^4 t of carbon fiber demand which similar to the former in 2020. The demand of p-aramid fiber will grow in 10% rate, the biggest uses were optical cable, anti-ballet and rubber products. There are important breakthrough in technologies of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber which make the performance of anti-bullet increased 25%, while the weight decreased 20%, and expanded the use in body implants. There are important progresses in aramid fibers both for heat resistant fiber and high strength high modulus fiber in China. Silicon carbide fiber was industrialized in China, while China＇s basalt fiber has reached world＇s advanced level, but the industrialization of mesosphase pitch-based carbon fiber, PBO and aromatic copolyester fiber walk with difficulties. China could become big country for producing specialty fibers and their composite materials in 2020.

关 键 词：特种纤维 复合材料 碳纤维 芳酰胺纤维 聚酰亚胺纤维 超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维 现状 前景 

分 类 号：TQ342.7[化学工程—化纤工业]