孟江油茶初选种质的变异分析与优株的选择  

Variation of preliminarily selected germplasm and superior tree selection in Camellia oleifera of Mengjiang

作　　者：王黎明[1,2,3] 杨善勋 王荣刚 李悦[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林木育种国家工程实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学树木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学国家林业局树木花卉育种与生物工程重点开放实验室,北京100083 [4]广西壮族自治区三江县林业局营林技术推广站,广西三江545500 [5]广西壮族自治区三江县林业局同乐乡林业站,广西三江545500

出　　处：《经济林研究》2014年第2期47-52,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：柳州市应用技术研究与开发计划课题"三江县油茶种质资源与良种选育研究"

摘　　要：孟江油茶是局限分布于广西孟江河流域的优良中果油茶种质,尚未实现品种化。在孟江油茶重要分布区实地调查的基础上,初选了树体生长及果实产量表现均优的植株58棵,分析了初选优树生长和种实性状的变异情况。结果表明,孟江油茶无论是在树体生长还是在果实性状上,都存在着相当大的变异性。主成分分析结果显示,其种子含油率与种仁含油率、干籽质量、干仁质量、冠幅冠高比、二回枝角、单位主梢分枝数、果实含油率、出仁率均有较大的正相关关系;而分枝长度、叶长、冠型、叶宽、单位主梢叶数和分枝角度,在选择中这些性状指标所提供的有效信息相对较小,可以排除在孟江油茶的选择指标之外。文中还以主要变异指标建立综合评价模型进行综合分析与评价,最终评选出的5个产油效率最高的优良种质为MY10、MY14、MY17、MY42、MY21,这5个优良种质可适用于无性扩繁。Camellia oleifera of Mengjiang is an excellent middle-fruit germplasm, which is limitedly distributed and has never been bred. 58 excellent trees with ifne growth performance and fruit yield were preliminarily selected based on ifeld investigation of C. oleifera of Mengjiang in major distributions, and variations of growth and seed characteristics were analyzed. The results show that tree growth and seed characteristics in C. oleifera of Mengjiang have highly variation. The results of principal component analysis indicate that oil percentage in seed has highly positive correlation with oil percentage in kernel, dry seed mass, dry kernel mass, ratio of crown width to crown height, second branch angle, branch number per main tip, oil percentage in fruit and kernel percentage. In addition, branch length, leaf length, crown shape, leaf width, leaf number per main tip and branch angle are eliminated from the selection indexes of C. oleifera of Mengjiang, since they offer little effective information for selecting superior trees. A synthetical evaluation model is established based on the main variation indexes. The ifve ifne germplasms with the highest oil yield are selected by using the model, including MY10, MY22, MY17, MY42 and MY21, and they are suitable for asexual propagation.

关 键 词：孟江油茶 种质变异 优株选择 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S603.8[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4