极晚熟杏品种‘冬杏’杂交亲和性研究  

Study on cross compatibility of a very late-maturing cultivar of Prunus armeniaca ‘Dongxing'

作　　者：赵世荣[1] 廖康[1] 安晓芹[1] 孙琪[1] 刘娟[1] 刘曼曼[1] 王玉蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《经济林研究》2014年第2期114-119,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆研究生科技创新项目(XJGRI2013109);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(201130102);新疆维吾尔自治区果树学重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：为了探讨极晚熟杏品种‘冬杏’的杂交亲和性并为选育其晚熟品种奠定基础,以‘冬杏’为母本、15个不同成熟期的新疆杏品种为父本进行了杂交实验,通过观察坐果率及花粉管的生长状况,探讨了不同父本与‘冬杏’的亲和性。结果表明,15个父本杏品种的平均花粉量为1 413.24粒/花药,平均花粉活力为51.0%,与‘冬杏’杂交后的平均坐果率为22.5%,‘贾格达玛依桑’、‘木孜佳娜丽’、‘赛买提’、‘克孜朗’等品种与‘冬杏’的杂交坐果率较高,‘毛拉肖’、‘索格佳娜丽’、‘旦杏’等品种与‘冬杏’杂交的坐果率相对较低。‘冬杏’自交坐果率小于6%,为自交不亲和类型。授粉后2 h有部分品种花粉在柱头上开始萌发,所有品种的花粉管在96 h后均到达了‘冬杏’的花柱基部,但各品种花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长动态的差异较大,其中以‘赛买提’和‘贾格达玛依桑’的花粉管最早到达基部,‘木孜佳娜丽’和‘克孜朗’等较早。‘贾格达玛依桑’、‘木孜佳娜丽’、‘赛买提’、‘克孜朗’等品种与‘冬杏’的杂交亲和性较好。In order to research cross compatibility of a very late-maturing cultivar of Prunus armeniaca‘Dongxing’, and to provide a theoretical basis for selecting late-maturing cultivar, ‘Dongxing’ as female parent was crossed with 15 apricots cultivars in Xinjiang which had different ripen periods, and their cross compatibility with‘Dongxing’ were evaluated through observing fruit-setting rate and growth status of pollen tubes. The results show that the average pollen amount of single anther is 1 413.24, the average pollen viability of 15 male parent varieties is 51.0%, and the average fruit-setting rate of that crossed with ‘Dongxing’ is 22.5%. The fruit-setting rates of ‘Dongxing’ after crossed with‘Jiagedamayisang’, ‘Muzijianali’, ‘Saimaiti’ and ‘Kezilang’ are better than the others, and those of ‘Dongxing’ after crossed with‘Maolaxiao’,‘Suogejianali’ and‘Danxing’ are relatively lower than the others. Self-pollinating fruit-setting rate of‘Dongxing’ is less than 6%, so it is of self-incompatibility type. Pollens in some cultivars start to germinate on stigma pollinated after 2 hours, and the pollen tubes of all cultivars arrive in style base after 96 hours. There are obvious differences among different varieties. The pollen tubes of‘Saimaiti’ and‘Jiagedamayisang’ ifrstly arrive in style base, and‘Muzijianali’ and‘Kezilang’ are the next. The cross compatibility of‘Jiagedamayisang’,‘Muzijianali’,‘Saimaiti’,‘Kezilang’ with‘Dongxing’ are better than the others.

关 键 词：冬杏 杂交 亲和性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]