负水头灌溉系统供营养液番茄生产及耗水研究  

Research on Tomato Production and Water Consumption Dynamics with Negative Pressure Irrigation System Supplying Nutrient Solution

作　　者：周继华[1] 毛思帅[1,2,3] 薛绪掌 胡跃高[3] 张芳[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [4]西安理工大学教育部西北水资源与环境生态重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2014年第11期1-5,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(6142008);北京市果蔬类创新团队资助项目

摘　　要：为实现负水头供营养液方式下番茄的高产，同时为常规番茄生产灌溉量的确定提供指导，试验采用负水头灌溉系统供营养液进行番茄生产栽培，测定群体栽培条件下的番茄产量和品质，同时监测番茄群体的日蒸散量并分析其与环境因子的关系。研究结果表明：负水头供给营养液条件下，试验期间（112 d），番茄产量达130604．85 kg／hm2。与常规（人工）供给营养液相比，负水头供营养液显著提高番茄果实产量与品质，提高了营养液生产效率。负水头控制下，单株番茄总蒸散量（耗水量）为92．38 kg ，日耗水量在0．14～1．80 kg ；番茄耗水量与环境因子（光照强度）呈显著相关，不同光照强度下，植株耗水量明显不同，为其他灌溉方式（滴灌等）灌溉量的决策提供了参考。因此，在用其他灌溉方式时，要注意光照强度的监测，适当调整晴天和阴天下的灌溉频率，防止晴天灌溉不足，阴天灌溉浪费。In order to achieve high yield of tomato with negative pressure irrigation system supplying nutrient solution ,and also pro‐vide a guide for the amount of irrigation under conventional tomato production ,negative pressure irrigation system is used to supply nutrient solution for tomato .During the study ,tomato yield is surveyed ;daily evapotranspiration of tomato groups is monitored and the relationship between evapotranspiration and environmental factors is analyzed .The results indicate that with negative pressure ir‐rigation system supplying nutrient solution ,during the study （112 days） ,tomato yield is up to 130 604 .85 kg/hm2 .Compared with the conventional （artificial） supply of nutrient solution to tomato ,fruit yield increases and quality is improved ;correspondingly ,nu‐trient solution use efficiency increases .Under negative pressure irrigation ,evapotranspiration （water consumption） of one plant is 92 .38 kg and daily water consumption is 0 .14 ~ 1 .80 kg .Tomato water consumption and environmental factors （light intensity） is significantly correlated ;water consumption is significantly different under different light intensity ,which offers a reference for other irrigation methods （drip irrigation ,etc .） .When using other irrigation methods ,it is noticed that light intensity should be monitored and irrigation frequency should be controlled when it is sunny or not ,in order to prevent lack of irrigation on sunny day and prevent irrigation waste on cloudy day .

关 键 词：负水头 番茄 产量 品质 耗水量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]