蓄水坑灌条件下灌水量对棵间蒸发强度的影响研究  

Study on Soil Evaporation of Water Storage Pit Irrigation under Different Irrigation Amount

作　　者：雷涛[1] 郭向红[1] 孙西欢[1] 马娟娟[1] 谷琼琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2014年第11期10-16,20,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109154;51249002);教育部博士点基金(20111402120006);山西省青年科技研究基金资助项目(2012021026-2);山西省科技攻关项目(20110311018-1);山西省高等学校创新人才支持计划资助

摘　　要：采用蓄水坑灌技术,研究了不同灌水量处理下(W90,W150,W210)的果园棵间蒸发。在田间采用微型蒸渗仪,观测了距树干不同距离处棵间地表蒸发强度、距坑口不同深度处坑壁蒸发强度的逐日变化过程,并利用微型气象站和nk3500手持气象仪,同步观测了地表棵间以及蓄水坑内的气象因素。结果表明:不同灌水量处理下的棵间地表蒸发逐日变化特征基本一致,呈现随时间先逐渐递减,然后稳定的变化规律;不同灌水量处理下的棵间坑壁蒸发、棵间总蒸发逐日变化特征基本一致,呈现单峰性,随时间先逐渐增大、后逐渐减小、最后稳定的变化规律;不同灌水量下的棵间坑壁、棵间地表蒸发强度存在显著差异;W90、W150,W210处理下的棵间总蒸发量分别为41 920、45 045、45 447mm3,W210比W90处理下的棵间总蒸发量大1.08倍,棵间总蒸发量随着灌水量的增加而呈现逐渐增加趋势。蓄水坑灌条件下,灌水量大小对果园棵间蒸发影响显著,研究成果将更进一步揭示蓄水坑灌节水机理,并为蓄水坑灌理论的完善提供重要的科学依据。In order to study the effect of different irrigation amount on the evaporation of the orchard trees under water storage pit irri ‐gation .The daily soil evaporation intensity of the surface in different distance from the tree and the pit wall in different depths of the pit are measured by micro-lysimeters respectively .The meteorological elements of the surface and the pit are also measured by nk3500 handheld weather instrument and meteorological station .Under water storage pit irrigation ,the surface soil evaporation has the similar regulation with different irrigation amount .It decreases with time and be stable finally .Both of the pit wall soil evapora‐tion and the total evaporation have the similar regulation with different irrigation amount ,it increases to the maximum value ,and then decreases with time and be stable finally .Both of the surface soil evaporation intensity and the pit wall soil evaporation intensity are significant with different irrigation amount .Under different treatment （W90 ,W150 ,W210 ） ,the total evapotranspiration is 41 920 , 45 045 ,45 447 mm3 ,respectively .The total evapotranspiration of W 210 treatment was 1 .8 times bigger than that of W90 treatment , it increases gradually with the increase of irrigation amount .Under water storage pit irrigation ,the irrigation amount has obvious effect on the evaporation intensity .The results provide important scientific basis for revealing water-saving mechanism and improving the theory of the water storage pit irrigation .

关 键 词：蓄水坑灌 灌水量 气象因素 蒸发强度 显著性检验 

分 类 号：S152.73[农业科学—土壤学]