更新修剪对苹果隔年结果的影响  

Effect of Renewal Pruning on Alternate Bearing of Apple

作　　者：白岗栓[1] 邹超煜 李晶晶[2] 杜社妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]黄河水土保持生态环境监测中心,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第23期6-10,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所领域前沿资助项目(C127);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD31B05)

摘　　要：以"红富士"苹果为试材,在渭北高原以长放修剪为对照,研究了更新修剪对盛果末期苹果树不同枝条的数量及比例、不同年份的单果质量和产量的影响,以减少苹果隔年结果的发生几率及程度。结果表明:更新修剪显著提高了徒长枝、长枝、中枝的数量及比例,显著降低了短枝、叶丛枝的数量及比例;大年时更新修剪显著降低了营养枝的数量及比例,显著提高了结果枝的数量及比例;小年时显著提高了营养枝的数量及比例,显著降低了结果枝的数量及比例;更新修剪不同年份的单果质量、产量基本维持在一定水平,变化幅度较小,而长放修剪的变化幅度较大且显著高于更新修剪;更新修剪可有效减少隔年结果发生的几率及程度。＂Faking ＇Red Fuji＇ apple as test material,with the long-branch pruniHg as control,the effect of renewal pruning on the number and proportion of differcm branches,fruit weight and yield in different years were determined in Wcibei Plateau,Shaanxi province. In order to reduce the probability and extcnt of alternate bearing of apple tree in final full productive stage. The results showed that the renewal pruning significantly improved the number and proportion of turion, long branch and medium branch, significantly reduced short branch and foliage branch. Renewal pruning significantly decreased the number and proportion of vegetative branch,significantly increased fruit branch in on-year;but in off-year,renewal pruning significantly increased vegetative branch,significantly decreased fruit branch. The fruit weight and yield of renewal pruning remained at a certain levet and changed to a lesser extent, but long-branch pruning had a magnitude change and significantly larger than renewal pruning. Renewal pruning could effectively reduce the probability and extent of alternate bearing of apple tree in final full productive stage.

关 键 词：更新修剪 苹果树 隔年结果 枝条 单果质量 产量 

分 类 号：S661.105.1[农业科学—果树学]