137Cs-γ射线辐照矢竹类组培苗生物学效应  

Biological Effects on Tissue Culture Plants of Pseudosasa japonica Induced by ^(137)Cs-γ rays Irradiation

作　　者：杨海芸[1,2] 何安国 姜可以 李朝娜 周明兵 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地浙江农林学大学,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第11期1941-1949,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170565);浙江省自然科学基金(LR12C16001,LY12C16002)

摘　　要：利用137Cs-γ射线辐照矢竹的3个变型(曙矢竹、花叶矢竹和辣韭矢竹)组培苗,系统研究组培苗辐照诱变的生物学效应。结果表明:5~10Gy的辐照显著促进曙矢竹和花叶矢竹侧芽的增殖与伸长,但只能显著促进辣韭矢竹根系生长,20Gy及以上辐照剂量显著抑制3个变型试管苗生长;辐照剂量与死亡率呈显著正相关,花叶矢竹半致死剂量28.8Gy,而2个绿叶类型的矢竹变型均大于40Gy;辐照后3个竹种叶片表型变化不同,其中曙矢竹辐照后叶片呈现绿色、白色、白绿相间条纹,白叶组织类囊体膜破损,atpB、petA等7个叶绿体基因转录水平相对于绿叶下调。因此,不同竹种辐照后生物学效应存在差异,辐照可为提高竹子笋芽分化率与观赏竹新品种创制提供新途径。137Cs-γ rays were used to irradiate the tissue culture plants of three rare ornamental bamboo forma from Japan：P. japonica f. akebono,P. japonica f. akebonosuji,and P. japonica f. tsutsumiana. The biological effects after the irradiation were studied,and meanwhile,the chloroplast ultrastructure and differential expression levels of the 15 chloroplast genes were investigated. The results showed that irradiation with the dose of 5- 10 Gy could significantly promote the differentiation and elongation for the lateral shoots and roots of P. japonica f. akebonosuji and P. japonica f.akebono,but only benefit to the roots growth of P. japonica f. tsutsumiana. However,the growth of three bamboo forma was significantly inhibited when the irradiation dose was over 20 Gy. The mortality rate for the bamboo plantlets in vitro was verified to correlate with the irradiation dose. The lethal dose 50（ LD50） for P. japonica f. akebonosuji was found to be 28. 8 Gy,and it was more than 40 Gy for the other two bamboo forma. Additionally,in white stripes and albino leaves of P. japonica f. akebono induced by irradiation,the cracked inner membrane in abnormal chloroplasts and the differential expression level of seven chloroplast genes including atpB,petA,petD,psaA,pabA,pabB,pabC were observed. In a word,The different bamboo forma of P. japonica f. akebono displayed different biological effects after the137Cs-γ rays irradiation. This study thus established a new method for the creation of ornamental bamboo germplasm and the increase of the differentiation rate for the bamboo shoots.

关 键 词：矢竹 137Cs-γ辐照 组培苗 叶绿体超微结构 基因表达 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]