中亚地区跨界水资源问题研究综述  

A Review of Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asia

作　　者：姚海娇[1,2] 周宏飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所阜康荒漠生态站,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第6期1175-1182,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(编号:2010DFA92720)

摘　　要：中亚地区是世界上跨界河流水资源矛盾最为突出的地区之一,跨界水资源管理关系着整个中亚地区的社会经济发展及区域稳定。目前关于中亚跨界水资源问题的论述与研究主要集中在水量分配、水资源量与质的变化预测以及水资源管理等方面。本文通过对前苏联解体以来中亚5国水资源问题的研究成果及合作历程分析,认为中亚地区水危机的根源不仅仅是水量的缺乏,更多的是一种水资源管理上的危机,目前重要问题不是相关管理措施与计划的制定,而是管理机构的权威建立和已签署协议的执行与落实。需要在联合国相关协议框架内,在有关国际或地区组织的技术与资金援助下,建立水资源共享数据库,实现水资源的有效管理与利用,协调上下游国家间的水电和灌溉用水矛盾,建立利益补偿机制,寻求水资源利益最大化,实现中亚地区跨界水资源的可持续利用。Central Asia is a prominent area with serious water resource contradictions. Since the main rivers in this region are transboundary, the management of these rivers has a great impact on social economic development of the region and regional and social security. Research into transboundary water resource issues in this region has focused on water allocation, water prediction （including water quantity and quality）, water pollution and water management. In this review, we explore this research and water resource cooperation processes between countries. Water volume is not the only water problem in Central Asia, but the management of water resources among countries is a key water problem. At present the most important question is not the establishment of the relevant management measures and plans but the establishment of the authority management organization and the implementation of agreements that have already been signed. At last a series of measures are listed for the sustainable utilization of transboundary water resources in Central Asia. In order to realize the effective management and utilization of transboundary water resources, a shared database of water resources should be established within the framework of relevant agreements of the United Nations. In order to realize the benefit maximization of water resources, a corresponding interest compensation mechanism, which will relieve water contradictions between upstream and downstream countries should be established. In addition, strengthening international or regional support in funds and technology is also necessary for the realization of regional sustainable development.

关 键 词：中亚 跨界水资源 水量分配 水质状况 气候变化 水资源管理 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]