黄河干流控制性梯级水库联合运行对下游水文情势的影响  

Impact of Controlling Cascade Reservoir Joint Operation on Hydrologic Regimesin the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：黎云云 畅建霞[1] 涂欢[1] 金文婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第6期1183-1190,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:51179149);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NCET-10-0933);教育厅重点实验室科学研究项目(编号:13JS069);陕西省科技创新团队(编号:2012KCT-10)

摘　　要：为评价黄河干流控制性梯级水库联合运行对下游水文情势的改变程度,根据花园口水文站1949-2010年的日径流资料,在水文改变指标体系(IHA)的基础上,采用变异范围法(RVA),定量分析了不同梯级水库联合运行前后,黄河下游水文情势变化情况及改变程度。分析结果表明:①梯级水库联合运行后,黄河下游的水文情势发生了高度改变,且改变度随着水库联合运行数量的增加而增强;②刘家峡和三门峡二库运行阶段,水文情势改变度为68.92%;刘家峡、龙羊峡和三门峡三库运行阶段,改变度为73.21%;龙羊峡、刘家峡、三门峡和小浪底四库运行阶段,改变度为87%;③不同水库联合运行对黄河下游生态水文特征的影响差异较大,尤其是四库联合调度后,汛期流量剧减,低流量频繁出现,致使河道的生物量和多样性急剧下降,严重危害河流生态健康。The Yellow River is regarded as China＇ s ＇mother river＇ and is the largest source of water in north-western and northem China. The construction of reservoirs and dams along the river has brought many social benefits, but has changed the hydrologic regime of the river and disrupted flow processes, seriously endangering its health. In order to evaluate hydrologic alteration of the lower Yellow River caused by the joint operation of cascade reservoirs, daily stream flow data from 1949-2010 at Huayuankou station were analyzed. The hydrologic regime alteration before and after cascade reservoir joint operation was analyzed quantitatively using the range of variability approach on the basis of indicators of hydrologic alteration. The results show that the hydrologic regime of the lower Yellow River had changed significantly. The overall degree of hydrologic alteration was 68.92% with the joint operation of the Liujiaxia and Sanmenxia reservoirs, 73.21% for Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoir joint scheduling, and 87% after the Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia, Longyangxia and Xiaolangdi reservoir joint operation. There was a large difference in eco-hydrological characteristics among different combinations of reservoirs, especially after the joint operation of the four reservoirs： river flow declined more sharply and low flow occurred more frequently. This research furthers our understanding of hydrologic regimes and will aid water resource management and ecological scheduling within this important national river.

关 键 词：黄河干流 梯级水库 变异范围法 水文情势 水文情势改变度 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]