河南省冬小麦需水量和缺水量的时空格局  

Spatial and temporal characteristics of water requirement and water deficit of winter wheat in Henan Province

作　　者：姬兴杰[1,2] 成林[3] 朱业玉[1] 宋妮[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,450003 [2]河南省气候中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [4]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第12期3268-3277,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放研究基金项目(AMF201206);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906019和GYHY201106029)资助

摘　　要：基于河南省30个气象站气候资料以及冬小麦生育期资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,应用Penman-Monteith模型和作物系数计算1981—2010年各站冬小麦全生育期需水量,结合数理统计方法,分析近30年来河南省冬小麦需水量和缺水量的时空变化特征,并对其主要影响因子进行探讨。结果表明:Penman-Monteith模型对河南省冬小麦全生育期参考作物蒸散量的模拟能力较强,模拟值与同期小型蒸发皿蒸发量的相关系数r=0.85(P<0.01);近30年来,河南省冬小麦全生育期降水量、有效降水量、需水量和缺水量的平均值分别为244.0、114.9、408.0和293.1 mm;在空间分布上,冬小麦全生育期降水量和有效降水量自南向北逐渐减少,而需水量和缺水量与之相反,呈自南向北逐渐增加;1981—2010年各地冬小麦全生育期降水量和有效降水的区域间差异增大,而需水量和缺水量的区域差异在缩小;从时间上看,需水量和缺水量均有下降趋势,但其线性变化趋势并不显著;各站点变化趋势存在区域差异,豫西和豫北呈增加,其余地区呈下降。偏相关分析表明,风速减小是导致河南省冬小麦需水量呈下降的最主要原因,而缺水量与降水量关系最为密切。逐步回归分析显示,需水量和缺水量的变化是各气象因素以及物候期综合作用的结果,从影响因素看,全生育期天数和降水量分别对需水量和缺水量的贡献最大。Based on the meteorological data and the data of the growth period of winter wheat from 30 agrometeorological stations of Henan Province,the effective precipitation was calculated by using the U. S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation method. Meanwhile,the water requirement（ ETc） of winter wheat in the whole growing period during 1981-2010 in Henan Province was estimated by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation and crop coefficient method recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization. The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of ETcand water deficit（ WD） and their major climatic impact factors were analyzed using the mathematical statistics. The results showed that the Penman-Monteith model well simulated the ET0 of winter wheat during the whole growing period in Henan Province in the past 30 years,with a correlation coefficient of 0. 85（ P 〈 0. 01） between the modeled ET0 and the observed 20 cm pan evaporation during the same period in same stations. The mean precipitation and effective precipitation of the 30 years during the whole growing period of winter wheat were 244. 0 and114. 9 mm,respectively. The mean ETcand WD for the study area were 408. 0 and 293. 1 mm for the whole growth period during the past 30 years,respectively. Spatially,precipitation and effective precipitation decreased gradually from south to north,which was opposite to the distribution characteristics of ETcand WD. The differences in precipitation and effective precipitation among different regions increased during 1981-2010,while the differences in ETcand WD among different regions decreased. Temporally,ETcand WD of Henan Province showed downward trends which were not significant. The variations of ETcand WD differed spatially. The ETcand WD increased in west and north of Henan Province,but reduced in the rest areas. Partial correlation analysis indicated that wind speed reduction during the past 30 years was the main cause of decreased ETc,however,the WD had the closest relationship with precipitation. Stepw

关 键 词：Penman-Monteith模型 需水量 缺水量 冬小麦 时空分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]