中国大范围雾霾期间主要城市空气污染物分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in major cities in China during the period of wide range haze pollution

作　　者：潘竟虎[1] 张文[1] 李俊峰[1] 文岩[1] 王春娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第12期3423-3431,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361040);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1208RJZA159);甘肃省研究生导师科研项目(1201-14)资助

摘　　要：以2013年11—12月的中国118个重点城市667个环境监测站点的大气污染物监测数据为基础,通过选取最优的空间插值方法获得全国大范围雾霾期间每5日的污染物浓度空间分布图,并运用核密度和趋势面分析研究其空间分布规律,采用全局自相关和局部自相关分析方法探讨大气污染物浓度分布的空间异质性。结果表明:大气污染物指数在不同时段的变化较大,NO2、PM10、PM2.5、SO25日平均浓度均表现为东部>西部以及北方>南方的态势;PM10和PM2.5是造成大范围雾霾天气的主要贡献者;各大气污染物浓度均呈现显著的空间正相关,空间分布聚集性明显;NO2浓度的热点集中在鲁中、冀南、珠三角等城市群,PM10浓度的热点集中在冀南、关中-天水、淮海等经济区,PM2.5浓度的热点集中在京津冀、长三角、华南沿海等区域,SO2浓度的热点则集中在冀中和鲁西北地区。Based on the air pollutants monitoring data obtained from 667 meteorological stations of 118 major cities in China in the period from November to December in 2013,the spatial distribution maps of air pollutant concentrations every five days were obtained by selecting optimal spatial interpolation method. Kernel density and trend surface analysis were used to study the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of pollutant concentrations during the period of wide range haze pollution,and the spatial heterogeneities of pollutant concentrations were explored by using global autocorrelation and local autocorrelation analysis methods. The results indicated that the variation trend of air pollutants was large at different time. The concentrations of air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide（ NO2）,inhalable particles（ PM10 and PM2. 5）,and sulfur dioxide（ SO2） showed an apparent tendency of the eastern region 〉 the western region and the northern region 〉 the southern region. PM10 and PM2. 5were the main contributors to the widespread haze weather. There were significant positive spatial autocorrelations in mean concentrations of all the air pollutants. The hot spots of mean concentrations of NO2 were concentrated in the central regions of Shandong Province,south regions of Heibei Province and the urban agglomerations of the Pearl River Delta. The hot spots of mean concentrations of PM10 were distributed in the south regions of Hebei Province,Huaihai and Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zones. The hot spots of mean concentrations of PM2. 5were concentrated mostly in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations,the Yangtze River Delta and the coast region of South China,and the hot spots of mean concentrations of SO2 mainly distributed in the central regions of Hebei Province and the northeastern region of Shandong Province.

关 键 词：大气污染物 空间分布 空间自相关 GIS 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]