贵州高原三板溪水库浮游植物群落动态与环境因子的关系  

The correlation between dynamic change of phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors in Sanbanxi Reservoir of Guizhou Plateau

作　　者：欧腾[1] 李秋华[1] 王安平[1] 张垒[1] 黄国佳[1] 焦树林[1] 高廷进[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统和生态环境保护重点实验室,贵阳550001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第12期3432-3439,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973前期项目(2012CB426506);国家自然科学基金项目(41163005);贵州省科技厅项目(黔科合人才团队(2013)4024;黔科合区域合[2013]7005号);贵州省教育厅项目(黔教合KY字[2013]113)资助

摘　　要：为探究贵州高原氮限制型大型深水水库浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系,分别于2012年11月（枯水期）、2013年4月（平水期）、8月（丰水期）对三板溪水库上、中、下游浮游植物和环境因子进行采样调查,共检出浮游植物6门87属,主要由绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻构成。浮游植物丰度在枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别为0.064×104~1.17×104、8.21×104~422.47×104和9.08×104~2903.33×104cells·L-1,其中枯水期和丰水期时加池丰度最高,南加丰度最低,平水期则为大坝最高、南加最低。枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别以颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulata）、钝脆杆藻（Fragilaria capucina）和具缘微囊藻（Microcystis marginata）为优势种。浮游植物集中分布于水体表层0~10 m的范围内,并随水深的增加丰度逐渐降低;三板溪水库总磷平均浓度为0.403 mg·L-1,枯水期为0.281~1.139 mg·L-1、平水期为0.394~0.639 mg·L-1、丰水期为0.054~0.736 mg·L-1,总氮平均浓度为1.38mg·L-1。氮磷比（3.7∶1）低于浮游植物生长的最佳氮磷比7∶1,表现出三板溪水库的氮限制型,与大多数淡水水体氮磷营养结构不一致。RDA分析与Pearson相关分析结果表明,水温为影响三板溪水库浮游植物群落动态的关键环境因子、氮磷比为重要的环境因子,氮磷营养盐主要通过促进硅藻及抑制蓝藻来影响浮游植物群落动态。In order to investigate the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors in Sanbanxi Reservoir,a nitrogen-limited deep reservoir of Guizhou Plateau,phytoplankton and water were sampled in December（ wet season） 2012,and in April（ normal season） and August（ dry season） 2013. There existed 87 genera and 6 phyla phytoplankton in the samples,which were mainly composed of the Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta and Cyanobacteria.In wet,normal and dry seasons,the phytoplankton abundance ranged from 0. 064 × 104 to 1. 17 ×104cells·L-1,from 8. 21 × 104 to 422. 47 × 104cells·L-1,and from 9. 08 × 104 to 2903. 33 ×104cells·L-1respectively. The phytoplankton abundance of dry and wet seasons peaked in Jiachi and was minimized in Nanjia,and that of normal season peaked in Daba and was minimized in Nanjia. The dominant species were Melosira granulata,Fragilaria capucina and Microcystis marginata in dry,normal and wet seasons,respectively. The phytoplankton mainly distributed at the surface of 0 to 10 m,and its abundance decreased with water depth. The concentrations of total phosphorus averaged at 0. 403 mg·L-1in Sanbanxi Reservoir,ranging from 0. 281 to 1. 139mg·L-1in dry season,from 0. 394 to 0. 639 mg ·L-1in normal season,and from 0. 054 to0. 736 mg·L-1in wet season. The mean concentration of total nitrogen was 1. 38 mg·L-1. The N / P ratio（ 3. 7： 1） was lower than the most appropriate ratio 7： 1 of phytoplankton,indicating that nitrogen is the limiting factor in Sanbanxi Reservoir. RDA analysis and Pearson analysis showed that water temperature was the key environmental factor,and N / P ratio was the important factor,regulating the phytoplankton community composition in the Sanbanxi Reservoir. Nutritive salt can affect phytoplankton community composition via improving the growth of Bacillariophyta and limiting the growth of Cyanobacteria.

关 键 词：浮游植物 氮限制 冗余分析 三板溪水库 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]