不同膜下滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生理特性及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different drip irrigation methods under plastic film on physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of protected cucumber

作　　者：赵志成[1] 杨显贺[1] 李清明[1,2] 刘彬彬[2] 杨振超[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,泰安271018 [2]作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第22期6597-6605,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD12B03;2012BAD11B01);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-25-D);中国博士后科学基金第四批特别资助(201104646);作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(2012KF02)

摘　　要：为了探明黄瓜膜下分根交替滴灌的节水效果,为设施黄瓜节水灌溉提供理论依据和技术参数,以‘津优3号’黄瓜为试材,采用随机区组设计,以土壤田间持水量的65%为灌水下限,田间持水量的90%为灌水上限,研究了分根交替滴灌(APDI)、固定1/2根区滴灌(FPDI)和传统滴灌(CDI)3种灌溉模式对黄瓜生长、生理特性、产量与品质及水分利用效率的影响,结果表明:(1)随灌溉处理时间的延长,3种灌溉模式的单株叶面积和株高的差异越来越显著,而茎粗和叶片数差异不显著;(2)与传统滴灌相比,分根交替滴灌模式下黄瓜叶片净光合速率略有下降而蒸腾速率显著降低,水分利用效率显著提高;(3)分根交替滴灌处理下黄瓜可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量与传统滴灌相比差异不显著,Vc含量却显著增加;(4)分根交替滴灌模式下黄瓜产量比传统滴灌下降1.5%,而灌水量减少17%,水分利用效率提高18.6%,节水效果显著。综上所述,分根交替滴灌可以在保证设施黄瓜产量没有显著下降的前提下,改善品质和显著提高水分利用效率,可作为设施节水提质增效的一种灌溉模式,推广应用前景广阔。In order to explain the water-saving effect of the alternative partial root-zone drip irrigation （APDI） and provide a theoretical basis and technical parameters for water-saving in protected culture cucumber cultivation, we studied the effects of APDI, fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation （FPDI） and conventional drip irrigation （CDI）, on cucumber growth, physiological characteristics, yield, quality and water use efficiency （Jinyou No. 3）. The trial was a completely randomized design with 65% of the soil field capacity set as irrigation lower limit, and 90% of field capacity set as irrigation higher limit. The results showed that： （1）With extension of the treatment time, stem diameter and leaf number did not show any significant difference, while the difference in leaf area and plant height of cucumber seedlings among the three irrigation patterns became more prominent. This proved that drought stress can significantly affect the relative leaf area expansion rate of greenhouse cucumber, because cell elongation is more sensitive to water stress than cell division. Under APDI treatment, cucumber root systems alternately subjected to water stress stimulated root growth, which promoted assimilation products in the root system, and then improved the root-shoot ratio, thus enhancing the water and nutrient uptake ability of the root system. （2） There was no significant difference in chlorophyll content in cucumber leaves between the APDI and CDI, but chlorophyll content decreased significantly under FPDI when compared with CDI. This was probably due to long-period drought stress in one side of its root system, resulting in greater suppression of root growth, the absorption ability of water and nutrients was decreased and the chlorophyll synthesis finally declined. Compared with CDI, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves declined slightly and the transpiration rate was significantly reduced under APDI, which resulted in a significant increase of leaf water use efficiency （WUE）. Under FPDI

关 键 词：分根交替滴灌 黄瓜(Cucumis SATIVUS L.) 生理特性 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S642.2