长期土壤干旱下扬花期冬小麦部分生理生化反应及抗旱性分析  

Biochemical Response of Winter Wheat to Long-term Soil Drought at Flowering Stage and Drought Resistance

作　　者：张军[1] 李晓萍 陈新宏[1] 孙树贵[1] 鲁敏[1] 王亮明[1] 赵继新[1] 武军[1] 杨群会[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省兴平市种子管理站,陕西兴平713100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2014年第6期765-773,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部948项目(2013-Z28);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2013JZ007);西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金项目

摘　　要：为明确冬小麦在扬花期对长期土壤干旱的生理生化响应及其与抗旱性的关系,以西农979等7个品种为材料,测定和分析了干旱胁迫条件下小麦扬花期功能叶部分生理生化指标和根系活力,并利用主成分分析、聚类分析对其抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明,长期中度和严重干旱下,扬花期小麦功能叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和胞间CO2浓度均不同程度上升,根系活力、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均不同程度下降,可溶性蛋白含量的变化则因品种不同表现不一。通过综合分析,7个品种中,晋麦47和小偃22抗旱性较强,矮抗58、西农979、西农509抗旱性中等,郑麦9023和郑麦36抗旱性较弱。Breeding for disease resistance is an economically and environmentally sustainable way to protect barley from powdery mildew.It is prerequisite to identify and use resistant genes in barley resitance breeding.With the development of molecular biology,molecular markers have greatly been used in identification,mapping and cloning of resistant genes,and this gradually make ＂molecular breeding by design＂of barley resistance to powdery mildew accessible.Up to now,twelve major specific resistance genes were mapped on chromosomes 1H,2H,4H,5Hand 7H,and many QTLs for resistance to powdery mildew have found on all seven chromosomes in barley.Seven major resistant genes of mlo,Mla1,Mla6,Mla7,Mla10,Mla12 and Mla13 were cloned.These findings will be useful to barley molecular breeding for powdery mildew resistance,and will make the discovery and utilization of interest resistanto genes deeply and widely.

关 键 词：土壤干旱 冬小麦 扬花期 生理生化反应 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311